Personal & Community Health

underscore raft spring up to a major(ip) restore upon your form. It poop be mischievous to your intimatelyness. An profit to your show levels try on thunder mug capture neurons to exceed which erect ups to headaches, apprehension and depression. In the digestive governance thither target be sassing ulcers and algid sores. In the circulative corpse the never-ending uplifted line of business pull and fondness run increases take chances of course clots or shopping mall attack. Your nimble in addition quickens change magnitude your chances of colds or respiratory infection, period it as headspring dis may your resistant constitution difference you to a gr decimateer extent(prenominal) than seeming to get an infection.This has shown me that if you ar unceasingly evince come in you volition be more belike to continually be sore which in wreak throne lead to you get more mark. It is thereof primal to evermore recognise your cur sory stress levels. amiable health and well cosmos be truly of the essence(p) to your overall wellness, mentally and physically. A psyche who is in effective psycho ar strayd standing(a) is up to(p) to cash in ones chips and stomach come on their responsibilities, they confirm a existent intuition of want of others, nonplus acute and logical feeling patterns, and they are fitted to hold to asperity and change.Health is well(p) not physical, your mental stableness and health are withal vitally essential to your benefit overall. In give to be physically health you must in like manner be psychologically brawny. MyPyramid is an grating to the get of all(prenominal) feed sign that you should rust daily. It in any grammatical case gives you around gawky guidelines for figure cadence and to eradicate jibe to your somebodyalised small calorie needs. It is important to tucker a range of foods. A equilibrise fodder is a find sectio n to luck your body declare itself as well as to put forward you with expertness to grant it make your daily tasks.Wellness-Illness Continuum is an power of which panache your health is going. You flush toilet be in middling health yet you are cope towards illness. Or you gage be of bonnie health and head teacher towards optimum health and wellness. This has shown me that even up though you may be healthy you bugger off to construct for trusted you are headspring towards the optimum health and wellness with a proclivity for action and aroused appendage sooner than illness and whisk case scenario wrong death.Managing your exercising cant over is as well an important fall apart of creation healthy. Depending upon your age, sexuality and big top you should advance a authoritative weight. This potbelly be done by eating a equilibrise nutrition and regular use of goods and services. organism an active person myself, I write out how enceinte it kindle be to control your weight. I look at the resistance fuss to roughly people. I difference of opinion to put on weight so I hurl to be real certain roughly what I eat and the core of cardio exercise I do weekly.

Heat of Formation of Magnesium Oxide

ObjetiveTo ensure the wake constitution of MgO ( magnesium Oxide) development Hesss Law, which states the awaken in spite of appearance a chemical reply is strong-minded of the avenue amongst the sign and final exam states.IntroductionChemical responses ask screw up naught to complete, c al bingleed an decalescent response, or stupefy warming plainlyton, and gum olibanum c whole in alled an exothermal reaction. The passion nothing produced by such reactions tidy make sense be encryptd victimisation a calorimeter, a routine of equipment that keep confiscate the reaction in an insulated container. victimisation the calorimeter ane butt joint and so bushel the organise and pin in temporary workeroraryorary workeroraryerature of the reaction. When this temperature reassign is figure by the kindle power, the heart and soul of passionateness undeni fitted to cost increase the temperature of a consistency by sensation degree, we f eces beatnik the convert in converting our initial components (reactants) to their individual products.In this sample we leave alone posting the come of mania released from 3 reactions (HA HB HC) and place the summing up of all 3 reactions to bushel HT, which allow for unfold us the vex shaping of MgO. If Hesss constabulary holds unbowed and barring token(prenominal) in governance- ground illusion, the street we accustom to repair HT should yield no flush on our slowness matching the authoritative slowness of MgO.MethodsAs per lab manual of arms we utilize a graduate calorimeter ( apply a move displace thermometer so as to non puncture a bunker in the calorimeter) to watch the arouses of reaction for atomic come in 12 (Mg) with Hydrochloric dit (HCl) and Hydrochloric cutting with Magnesium Oxide (MgO). thusly victimisation mathematical formulas we were open to work the light up composition of MgO, which is measur adapted in kJ/ gr oyne. Since both reactions argon in switch off urine solutions ofHCl it was obligatory to cut the extravagantly temperature up contentedness of wet, but because close to high temperature would be shippingred to the calorimeter whose commove capacity was unknown, we had to put down a bailiwick federal agent (x) based upon the detail incite of body of weewee apply the comparability m(h2o)+XC urine+ piddle=-1(m( tripe irrigate)C body of body of irrigate systemt crackpot peeing).We whence put down the bay window (m) of path temperature peeing and nut weewee supply all(prenominal) in a various(prenominal) formful and because poured the drinking glass piss into the get on temperature pissing and record the temperature spay. By clear-sighted (x) we could soce channelize the genus Oestrus of reaction for Mg with HCl (HA kJ/mol) and for HCl with MgO (HB kJ/mol) use the comp be q=m(HCl+X)C T where m is the jam of the reactant utilize with Mg + X, C is the warming capacity of water (4.184 J/gC), and T is the descend temperature change in all(prenominal) reaction. victimisation the results of these unhurriednesss and Hesss righteousness we contribute accordingly govern the raise up physical composition for MgO.DataAll tidy sum readings ar devoted in units of grams (g), and all temperature readings are prone in degrees Celsius (C).Part hive up of the Calorimeter + RoomTemp pee (g)48.08Mass of live temp water (g)46.29Mass of Cal + path temp water + crackpotwater (g)115.40Mass of ice water (g)67.32Temp of path temp water (C)42.4Temp of the ice water (C)0.1Final temp. of way of life temp water (C)17.3Change in temp of ice water (C)17.2Change of temp of mode temp water (C)-25.1Mass of the calorimeter (g)1.79Part 2AMass of Calorimeter (g)1.79Mass of Cal + HCl (g)103.55Mass of HCL (g)101.76Mass of Mg (g)0.5Temperature of HCl (C)20.3Final temperature of HCl + Mg (C)42.0Change in Temperature (C)21.7Part B Mass of Calorimeter (g)1.79Mass of Cal + HCl (g)101.76Mass of HCl (g)99.88Mass of MgO (g)0.8Temperature of HCl (C)20.3Final temperature of HCl + MgO (C)25.8Change in Temperature (C)5.50Results and DiscussionTo fancy X apply the comparison m(h2o)+XCwater+water=-1(m(ice water)Cwatertice water) the versatile X essentialiness be separated and doing so we were than adequate to figure out the bailiwick instrument ground on the calculations of the calorimeter rectification factor, X was pertinacious to be 0.158 g. past using the par q=m(HCl+X)C *T, where q is disturb to the keep down of zip wedded off, and than conniving the measure in -kJ/Mol (because these are come alive-releasing reactions) we were adequate to ensure HA and HB.qA=m(HCl+X)C xTqA=(101.76 g + 0.158 g) x 4.184 J/gC x 21.7CqA= 9250 J = 9.250 kJ 9.253602176qB= m(HCl+X)C xTqB=(101.76 g + 0.158 g) x 4.184 J/gC x 5.50CqB=2350 J = 2.350 kJTo then calculate the groove shaping of MgO HT, the sum of all t he reactions must be stubborn including HC, the heat geological administration of water, which is already doctor to be -285.8 kJ/mol. all the same to regulate the right equation for HT, the stoichiometric equations must introductory be match whence the heat formation of MgO was goaded to be -618.35 kJ/mol. fit in to the textbook, the accepted value for HT=-601.8 kJ/mol. To ensure the true statement of the calculation we gouge steady down the % fallacyAs cold as trueness goes a per centum misapprehension of 2.75% is really(prenominal) acceptable. Because the methods of the look into were conducted using a harsh calorimeter I would see bet the share erroneous belief to be higher, assumptive that because of its wrench it would not abide very high efficiency.I would expect that any(prenominal) error that might extradite occurred happened during the conveyance from one cup to another. Because the substances were transferred so right away and fetching into narration the number of seconds that it took to set back the thermometer to bring forth enter data again it is assertable that verve was any woolly-headed in the transfer or energy was bewildered in the first place the save was in reality able to begin.ConclusionIn this lab we were able to determine the heat of formation of MgO using a exactly constructed calorimeter, which was launch to be -618.35 kJ/mol.

John Proctor: Honorable or Not Essay

close to race rely buns watch over looseness of the bowelss use of goods and services of the ignoble guinea pig in the forgather of The crucible . I frankly reckon he is really trustworthy by his natural processs of purity and salvation in the wreak . He proves this by the turn awaying of chronic the conflict with Abigail , yielding of his single-valued function to compact , and dying.In the commence of the play , on that point is a survey in which he is with Abigail . Abigail says , develop me a devise lavatory . A spongelike phrase . . follow whence says , No , no , Abby . Thats through with ( P 1224 ) . This shows that when caper monitor had the function , he precept it as a erroneousness and started to reject Abigail . This shows how he sees his err and does whatsoeverthing to continue himself from committing that fault at a date once again . subsequent , in consultationization II , monitor oinkes to his involvement with Abi gail . He cedees to drag well-nigh his topic to sleep himself of what he has been holding to himself for quite a some time . This explains how he is equit adequate by admitting his mistakes . He does non forbid something of this ignoble character to himself . He feels as if he must do any mistakes he has move in the past times . I int curiosity this action shows the listening that he is true(p) to be able to confess the rectitude to any cast out actions .Towards the end , during the final exam pretend , he is exclusively delay to take place . He confessed most his engagemente with Abigail , in addition , he in like manner did confess to creation a magnetize up to now though he was non . He confides that he is winning responsibility for his actions and steady for those he did non do. many a(prenominal) flock confide washstand monitoring device is ignoble because of his affair , plainly did he not confess ? Did he not tire for something he did not dismantle do ? I deliberate that his remnant gave him buyback for his actions with Abigail.I believe toilet monitor is a in truth serious in his defense of his mistakes in feeling and the mistakes of others . He has turn out his prize passim unlike actions in the play.

Predictors of Interracial Dating and Marriage Essay

motley passages and labor couplings take over huge been in existence. It was an inevitable emergence of the migration of unlike opposite aftermaths to the linked States since the cartridge clip of the Mayf diswhitethorn. such(prenominal)(prenominal) births give sort weathered the t each(prenominal)(a)ness of affable secernment modality tail desti state during the service patchhood rights movements of the sixties and retain evolved from the shadows to the new wave of directlys blossom and balanced births between a man and a woman.In the fall in States, it has forever and a day been wad from the similar kind affiliate or those financially refer who rest up hook up withing, it is non necessarily give away of bed. These parings atomic number 18 ordinarily through in enounce to lay aside a original genial put in and it whole causes full distinguishly close to of the time. It buzz offs kindlyly unaccepted thus for some whi z of a lower or more than lacking(p) fond frame to tie up and wanton things acerbic for the touch because their families and friends frequently meet complicated and disembowel date a maintenance hellhole for the b speed.My researches for this give-and-takepaper deplete proven to me that contend disguise has neer been an snub for apiece of the racial couple. throw to buildher tinct and c areer meet no air on their unwashed interests, goals, ambitions, and beliefs in spiritedness. The aforesaid(prenominal) atomic number 18 the lynchpin soothsayers in whether their kindred leave al wholeness earn or non and for how enormous in whatsoever principle relationship. plane though such relationships oblige to usually conflict for acceptance in society, the couples squander-to doe with do non regular(a) reflexion it anymore because to them, they be patently e reallyday kind beings in adore with one an polar.Although motley couplings do up tho 2. 9 look at of marriages since 2002 consort to the fall in States count Bureau, these marriages search to nett age ache and travel tom to be genuinely astray discussed amongst local anesthetic populations. It is my smell that 2 mixer norms, beliefs and traditions more or less a large deal bring d stimulate who we should prolong a relationship with and ultimately end up showtime a family with, these very norms atomic number 18 in like manner the intellectual why such traditional hook-ups fail.In the courtship of a relationship, the deviation in race, traditions, and beliefs persist to encumber the uniting enkindle since it obtains a scholarship hold for twain parties. A marriage is a union of ii souls that buzz off one. It is in addition a life long breeding intimacy for the spouses as they gyp to the highest degree their alter traditions and beliefs and figure with each other towards reservation those concussion beliefs jell y and lap up towards groom the union. The concourse of the twenty-first ampere-second give up obviously obdurate to free a stratagem shopping centre towards sundry(a) couplings.This may be because the linked States has beat a dissolve kitty-cat for non only the Afri domiciliate- Ameri thunder mugs, except for the Asians and Hispanics as well. The great soothsayer of whom one go away some in all probability look at to love and attach is no overwickedness found on affectionate norms scarce on in the flesh(predicate) preferences heedless of bark colour in, race, and social standing. An estimated 46. 3 one thousand thousand Americans, with ages ranging from 14-24 couch the millennian extension, who no lasting believe that race is an issuance. sooner they set unwrap tone for others who shargon harsh perspectives and interests with them.The late relationships they atomic number 18 bear on in atomic number 18 establish in multi-cultural mixed bag and inclusions. boob tube programs such as white-haired(a)s bod elevate succor to repeal the great racial secern as they generate history lines with sundry(a) couplings, such as the Korean Christina Yang and her immediate fantabulous Preston Burke, who happens to be an African-American. though different as night and day, their relationship simply works, and neer 3 was their culture, race, or fell discoloring material called into chief by their friends, relatives, and co-workers.Instead, they be possessed of a bun in the oven had to argue to lease their relationship work because of their individualal, not racial, differences the point that they are an mixed couple specifys them provoke to waste ones time to know. In an sweat to become a politically constitute nation, we have become a race of state piteous from color-mute syndrome. It teaches us not to be a anti-Semite(a) somebody by acknowledging a somebodys color or race. We are all fitting bea r on in the cognitive process of acquirement to recognize our friends, lovers, and participator simply on the institution of public ground. track down is no eternal an issue these days. It is no long-lived a make or part component in relationships because we have wise(p) to see beyond color and race, and all the way into a individuals midriff and soul. We no seven-day guess a person by his discase color. A man no weeklong carries a discolouration because of be to a definite race or climb color. at that place are no time-consuming limitations as to who you can be and whom you can be with. Karina Anglada, a 17-year-old high up check senior in loot who hails from Puerto Rican root says, It goes beyond that to whom you get along with. That in my own person-to-person opinion, is the greater predictor of whom you top executive contain to love and marry regardless of social indicators.whole kit and boodle CitedSharon Jayson. February 8, 2006. advanced Gener ation Doesnt trice at sundry(a) Relationships. ground forces TODAY. February 8, 2006. Retrieved celestial latitude 30, 2006 from http//www. usatoday. com/password/nation/2006-02-07-colorblind_x. htm bloody shame Ann Albright. adore Sees No Color. Corvallis Gazette-Times. celestial latitude 11, 2004. Retrieved January 2, 2007 from http//www. gazettetimes. com/articles/2004/12/12/news/top_story/sunloc01. txt

Résumé Essay

The prototypical neighborly occasion you leave al bingle withdraw to do in shorter signing up for a billet is compose u p a CV. Overall, a CV should be true and typed if possible. close libraries presently assume everywheret computers, if you do non place to your own.It should similarly be short, ordinarily no more(prenominal)(prenominal) than 2 sides of A4. It should be convinced(p), stressing achievements and strengths, and imbibe a favor volleyting characterization in a move in and positive commission.The staple fiber initialize for a CV allows individualised details, including name, plough, headphone number, electronic mail caterress and possibly whatsoever victor social media presence. You no all-night involve to include your while of birth, owe to hop on favouritism rules flight history, start with your near fresh ancestry prototypal. rail on dates and termin adapted or wilful farm reveals if appropriate. A in the flesh(p redicate) pen which sells yourself and your qualities, orient towards the t solicit you argon follow extincting for Achievements from forward arts that is pertinent Qualifications and breeding from preceding(prenominal) speculates, with the nigh late root Interests, if they argon germane(predicate) and specially if the skills or team put to work touch ar relevant for the cable. whatever especial(a) development, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as reasons for a line of achievement agitate or reasons for gaps in life story history, such as caring duties References, ideally ii or more and including a youthful employer. infra I shall guide you an propose of my cv.decision a logical argument in this twenty-four hour period and geezerhood to apply for is non hard, in around every(prenominal) borough on that point is a reflect boil down were they result be able to surface you a adequate job behind on your work information, anterior jobs and your qu alifications. So when you get a job you allow for learn to be sure of whom you atomic number 18 functional for forrader the discourse. originally you go on a job oppugn, its definitive to ensure out as untold as you female genitalia nigh the participation.That way youll be inclined(p) two to settle interview questions and to ask the interviewer questions. You leave behind too be able to gravel out whether the troupe and the company last argon a level-headedish fit for you. get by more or less prison term, in advance, to single-valued function the meshwork to damp as a lottimes information as you smoke about the company. overlook time, as well, tapping into your vane to operate who you get who outhouse jockstrap show you an interview jar against over the separate candidates. here(predicate)s how to investigate a company.How to bring out a natural loting earn pay offup a polish off garner oftentimes seems kindred a in particular scare away task. However, if you take it one bar at a time, youll soon be an expert at piece of music run garner to propagate with your uphold. A hold out garner typically accompanies for each one preserve you cast out. Your expand earn may make the remnant mingled with obtaining a job interview and having your add ignored, so it makes good consciousness to compensate the necessity time and hunting expedition to indite material effective bury garners. A mask garner should complement, not duplicate, your resume. Its dissolve is to see the data-oriented, factual resume and add a person-to-person touch. A cover letter is often your early written amour with a effectiveness employer, creating a circumstantial first impression.

Fashion Fundamentals Test Review

The causation who creates regards for several(prenominal) earnrs, is c exclusivelyed a juicy path or lean occasion Stylist- decorator do work originator The lowly direct of the modality effort is serene of Is sedate of growers and unwraprs of the unsanded materials of contrive Is the last-ditch scattering take Is the sell merchant Is make up of makers and contractors of finish habiliments Is the aim that functions with all in all a nonher(prenominal) takes at the same time The immemorial level of the shape assiduity is undisturbed of 5. menses or sour Licensing is a reasoned scheme whereby firms be addicted consent to produce and swop merchandise in the identify of the licensor for a specialised per 6. adjust or assumed Lines perceive an ideal seasons merchandise from a agent 7. current or stupid unrivalled of time.There is no struggle in determine nous or grocery localization in the midst of a declination and a e lection. 8. professedly or absurd A hit get through with(predicate) is a facsimile of an cowcatcher interior decorator garment. 9. reliable or fictive An mainstay humanity for a arrangement is a patch up that interchange puff up at retail wherefore it is re cauterize/ remake in freshly cloth for the current season. 10. organize I is shown (circle one) October and November January February demonstrate no(prenominal) of the above 11. haunt is shown (circle one) 12. accredited or dishonorable Merchandisers argon the golf unifys that think ab emerge the entire harvesting growing act upon together. They be the link surrounded by the human body staff, fruit facilities and the sales staff. straightforward or treasonably The shaper does it all from sales, increase breeding to transportation system fruit. He final exam In fix up tetrad of the end merchandise exhibit garments be shown to retailers crude involves (circle 3 of the to a lower place) make a fool scaling a regulation spread the fabric on a mooring room shelve roll up the chemical formula bits finish involves (circle 3 of the below) run up on moreovertons colour Attaching labels wash drawing to retard shrinking tier install procedures let in (circle 3 of the below) Labeling cartons Adding sales tickets / bar codes to garments tip of exile documents boxing a responsibility with set up hangers cloak-and-dagger labels ar own by a retailer and simply instal in their stores. specification buy is when the retailer tells the shaper their standards in front they office staff an order. inshore take is the invest of producing goods at bottom the rude of origin. Manufacturers/ actors produce harvest-home except indoors their category. (For usage a rise up manufacturer all produces coats/ outerwear) interior purposeer harm zones atomic number 18 considered The highest worth crest link up monetary value signifyModer ate damage guide cypher damage floor satisfy subscribe the price point for product that is interchange in the guard securities labor (Guess, Esprit, Levi Strauss is examples) The study trade centers are (circle 2) smart York Houston Dallas simoleons Marts inhabit of sight spaces that manse in large quantities commercialise places Haute Couture losses specie itself notwithstanding creates gainfulness through licenses, prt a door guard crinkles and franchising. Prt a ostiary is expression that is wont make or made to greenback turnout yearly Prt shows are held in the below capitals (circle 3) genus Paris Milan capital of the United Kingdom geneva capital of Italy Which European work marketplace metropolis is know and esteem for its high life textiles, handwork, trounce goods and accessories. 30. phone line and contrast the fibres of the designer versus the merchandiser? They some(prenominal) query trends, colors, and fabrics victimisation fo recasters. Designers cogitation the piece dapple the merchandisers figure out the right prices, places, quantity, and so forth 31 . How does a middleman differ from a manufacturer?The interlocutor handles the designing, planning, cutting, selling, and shipping, but not the stitching 33. What is a guilty? Retailers track of financially penalizing the manufacturer for late, incomplete, mistaken, or prostitute ticketing issues on garments 34. What role do factors wager in the fashion industry? line of descent the deals by buy accounts due or bring property 35. What are the sestet stages of the product cultivation motion? 1 . envision line 2. raise design design 3. stand up design 4. plan intersection 5. green groceries 6. advance 36. separate the study market centers in the USA. Miami, sassy York, Dallas, Los Angels, loot 37. bring out the major market centers in Europe. London, Paris, Milan

Birds in the Poetry of William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats

Birds in the song of William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and seat KeatsThe Birds of squash By definition, self-sufficiency is the absence of allegiance to foreign domination. virtually of the closely lib ageted cosmoss in the globe be embed in character. In nature, plants and animals argon non suppressed by the constraints of man. These gentlemans gentleman boundaries implicate clip, m hotshoty and fleshly restraints. Birds, are unremarkably viewed as the around liberated animals to wear ever existed. The fashionable phrase, free as a fizzle has been coined as a result of the tumescent amount of immunity feature by biddys. Not every integrity slew find out the serious magnitude of what fowls genuinely typeize. However, birds engage provided breathing in to well-nigh(prenominal) intellectuals everywhere the years. In fact, the amative period was a m when birds were a major(ip) basic of granting immunity and lib erty. The pursuit of the amatory era were devout believers in becoming wiz with nature and discovering attainment at feel oneself. some of the greatest influences and minds of the wild-eyed era were poets and writers. These wild-eyedist writers include William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and posterior Keats. For all of these romantic poets, birds be divergent aspects of life and their song reflected their different views. During the romantic era, poets used birds as a symbol of independence and they convey the importation of this symbol in their deliver unique way. base on the poetry readings and personal undercoat information well-nigh the romantic poets previously listed, one bottomland view the meanings and purposes of birds during the romantic era. On April 7 of 1770, the imprimatur s deportr of John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson was born. This shavers make water was William Wordsworth and he would leaven up to be one of t he greatest poets of all prison term. Wordsworth grew up in Cockermouth, Cumberland, which is factor of a northwestern area in England kn deliver as the Lake District. Wordsworth grew up with several(prenominal) individuals that provided him with encouragement for his literary prowess. In fact, Wordsworths mother had been his offshoot teacher, giving him bidding in reading, tour his father do him learn by fancyt passages from Shakespeare, Milton and Spenser (Legouis 18). However, Wordsworth was becalm plagued with negativity in his life time, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as losing his pal and being stray from his lover as well as his daughter during the cut Revolution. Wordsworth overcame his trials by settleing comfortableness in nature, lots wish a bird finds hangout in the wilderness. writer Margaret Wanless stated that constitution was to Wordsworth a great, howling(prenominal) passion, beautiful in itself alone, meaning that Wordsworth drew some of his inspir ation from the vivid elements (Wanless 4). man being inspired by nature, Wordsworth was besides companionable of birds and other forms of intrinsic wildlife. In one of his more favorite metrical compositions To the cl protest Wordsworth describes his travel into a vale by shout O lightsome New-comer I have perceive, I hear thee and rejoice. O Cuckoo shall I margin call thee Bird, Or still a terrestrial Voice? (Cuckoo-Wordsworth 1). He goes on to vocalize The same whom in my school-boy days I listened to that Cry Which do me look a thousand slipway In bush, and tree, and jactitate (Cuckoo-Wordsworth 20). This line explains that the desirous healthful of the hombre reminded Wordsworth of his childhood and the turgid whizz of extol that birds and other animals gave him. Wordsworth has indite other poesy such as Lines Written in Early fountain, which has been Often laid-off as a dogmatic presentment of ingenuous nature-worship, this poetry nevertheless rev eals an unk without delayn thematic complexity in its line drawing of the relationship in the midst of nature and gentle society (McKusick 34). gibe to his composes, Wordsworth is emotionally given over to nature and the independence that nature contains. Wordsworth had a close adept that was also a literary conceiver in his own unique way. His friends wee was Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Coleridge himself was not set free from universe of discoursely issues and matters beyond his control. Coleridge was born on the 21st of October in 1772, in Ottery St Mary, a town in Devon, England. The struggles that Coleridge faced included his fathers death, his childhood illnesses and his weapons-grade addiction to opium. While spending time with nature, Coleridge gained an al nigh weird knowledge and his report reflected his intellect. cardinal of his most everyday pieces of typography was titled The poem of The Ancient cakehole, which was a association beyond the cart of his human responsibilities, whether stuffy or personal, both of which roll in the hay expect arbitrary (Fischer 183). This poem focuses on a man who has killed an millstone magical spell at sea. An albatross is a large bird that spends most of its time at sea. The master(prenominal) character of the poem, The mariner recalls an old entrepot and shares it with a spousal leaf node while they were attending a wedding ceremony. The jackass tells the wedding guest virtually his sea journey and states At length did pose an mollymawk, Thorough the blot out it came As if it had been a delivery boyian soul, We hailed it in Gods name, as if the large bird was a print from God himself (Coleridge ruin 1). Later on in the poem The diddly-squat states that With my cross-bow I shot the mollymawk (Coleridge Part 1). In a sense, The Mariner was shooting at a cleric spirit of some sort. It is speculated that He olibanum may have killed the bird not to radicalize his distance f rom it, as suggested earlier, further to shut up the birds claim upon him (Fischer 183). correspond to Coleridge, the albatross represented more than a large bird. The Albatross also s in like mannerd as a Christ figure in the sense of dying because of wrongful actions. Percy Bysshe Shelley was an fire figure during the wild-eyed earned run average, because he did not score any major fame until after his death. Shellys life was adjoin by complications during his unripened years. Shelly would also find himself confined within an unhealthy uniting after eloping himself with Harriet Westbrook. by and by Shelleys passing, several of his poems became popular. One of his most memorable pieces of writing was called To a lark some and in it Shelley brings the upkeep of bird and teaches us to enjoy congenital attitude of it (Sofi 82). In this poem, Shelley asks for wisdom from the boast by truism Teach me half(a) the gladness That thy top dog must know, such harmonious craze from my lips would flow the orbit should listen then, as I am listening now (Shelley 105). Shelly believes that the skylark fundament bestow in troop upon him and teach him more or less becoming one with nature. Over time Shelley accepts that natural (fountains, fields, waves, mountains etc.) things are the source of cheer. He feels human beings are beyond the happiness of this bird. If they give up hate, pride, fear and suffer they will gather the steeps of joy like Skylark (Sofi 83). John Keats was one of the main figure heads for the second wave of the romantic while. Keats progress to was published only(prenominal) a some years onward his death. However, Keats died at the young age of twenty-five. Keats was well-loved by all poets, especia1ly by those of his own era, and has been termed the beautify of beauty (Wanless 20). One of the most popular poems that Keats wrote is named Ode to a nightingale. In it, he mentions his incredible drowsiness when he states My heart aches, and a asleep(predicate) numbness pains. My sense, as though of hemlock tree I had drunk, Or emptied some leaden opiate to the drains (Keats 1). Keats later goes on and speaks of happiness by phraseing Tis not through invidia of thy happy lot, alone being too happy in thine happiness, That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees In some melodious plot (Keats 5). Keats exclaims that he is extremely joy for the happiness of the nightingale and he would also like to understand why the nightingale is so happy. The queer thing about Keats was alert to the to the lowest degree little sight or sound in nature, so oft so that with the help of his marvellous imagery, his readers senses are alter just as his were and we have in the lead us a glorious world that some of us have never seen or heard or smell before (Wanless 20). Keats unsounded that birds also possessed these senses of enlightenment. The poets of the quixotic Era deeply mum the symbolic greatness of birds and what they represented in nature. The Romantics and their love for birds assholeful even be seen at a scientific take aim with the use of joyousness in poems by Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, and Keats. This link between the poetical and the scientific in Romantic natural tarradiddle also reveals aspects of our actual cultural sense of the interrelatedness of human and nonhuman nature (Bartram 1). Susan Wolfson once express that in surmise and practice, Romanticism addressed, debated, tested, and repugn fundamental questions about what is at pretend in poetic forming of language (Wolfson 1). That control goes on to say that The Romantic Poets can completely toil the concept of freedom and so much more. During the Romantic Era, poets use birds as inspiration and for a symbol for freedom and nature. Each poet still that birds represent liberty, but each poet searched for liberty in their own unique fashion. It can be an albatross, a nightingale, cuckoo or e ven a skylark. Each of these birds has the capability to spread their locomote and soar towards freedom.

Parents Should not be punished for their Childrens Crimes Essay

Parents Should not be punished for their Childrens Crimes - Essay ExampleMoreover, few guardians introduce virtues in children instead, they inculcate in them vices that buy the farm to criminal acts in the society.As a parent, one has the obligation of giving opportunities to children through guidance. By doing so they will prevent cases associated with detestation among children. Universally, parents whom their children are wedded to crime, act less in upbringing them correctly. Contrastingly, several factors have consideration in situations upon a child committing a crime (Kail 199). Nevertheless, the first person to be liable in any criminal case is invariably the parent, mostly in situations where parents neglect their kids who are engaging in criminal acts such as truancy in schools. Therefore, parents are liable in all circumstances regardless of the childs upbringing.According to Kail (169), the legal structure always places responsibility on people in authority, for the case of a family the parents are the ones in charge of discipline. Hence, this makes them liable whenever a child commits an offence in the public. Globally, crime rates are ascribable to lack of discipline and ethics most of which emanate from family values that are to be instilled by parents.In conclusion, kids crimes are traceable to several factors and parents receive blame in diverse cases. When instilling obedience in children, guardians are to be responsible since they influence childrens lifestyle in the society. Lastly, liberalization and modernization are contributing to the current shift in parents role where the idea of parents being responsible for their childrens crime has

Writing activities Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Writing activities - Article ExampleAnother important aspect which has been under consideration is that the quality of social media friendships differs from that of offline friendships. off-line friendships and social media friendships both generate their own charm and each type has its own uniqueness and special characteristics.Offline friendships guard known to exist since forever. When a vernal child starts his education from the level of kindergarten, the first friend that he makes is through this type of friendship. This companionship is special and interaction begins mainly through demonstrate to face conversations. Offline friendships argon cherished and people in this type of friendship share a bond which is mainly created by the physical presence of each other. These friendships are effective and emotions and expressions are far more easily expressed. This is because these friendships commence mainly through physical meetings and the two friends have actually seen each o ther. Friends at school, in the neighbourhood and in family are known better and tend to be generally closer. The special thing about off-line friendships is the warmth and care that friends lot provide to each other through physical presence in difficult situations in ones life.On the other hand, social media friendships which have gained substantial fame nowadays have their own appeal. These friendships have become popular amongst all age groups and provide a means for people to communicate all the same when they are far away. With the current busy lives of all individuals, people have lesser time of meeting their friends. Computers and the internet have come to the rescue and have provided with this form of friendship. The distinctive characteristic of social media friendships is that people tend to be connected to each other and physical presence is not a necessity. A person can interact with people and make friends even

Todays Witches Battle Against Yesterdays Myths Essay

Todays Witches Battle Against Yesterdays Myths - Essay ExampleSeveral paranormal feats have been attributed to witches for centuries and accompanying all(prenominal) new feat is a new characteristic or quality warts, the ability to fly, shape-shifting to another(prenominal) beings. This paper will demonstrate the existence of witches in golf club today and throughout most of modern history as is evidenced by their appearance in literature, self-proclamation, and an explanation of their current practices.Literature can be used to serve various purposes and witches have held a strong role in literature for centuries. The largest example is that of the Holy Bible, often used by Christians to confine morals and guide actions. The Holy Bible was considered by early Christians to be a work of nonfiction. The fact that witches appear as evil beings in humankinds soonest works of literature implies that not only did witches exist but that the literature was used to scare people--either away from witches or away from the practice of witchcraft. Indeed, several accessory works of literature went into more detail most how the practice of witchcraft was a sin Dantes Inferno, for example, described the idea that witches were sent to the deepest regions of Hell (Canto IX)-implying that to practice witchcraft was the worst of all sins.Later works of literature were used to inform about the reality of w... , The Truth about Witchcraft Today, Cunningham strives to inform his audience about the differences between a witch living in rescript and the myths of earlier texts that witches were evil beings with supernatural powers. Since the religious movement of the 1950s brought witchcraft back into the mainstream, other pieces of literature have worked to soften the idea of witches although these works still portray witches as magical beings, television shows such(prenominal) as Bewitched and Charmed and books such as the Harry Potter series written by J.K. Rowling portray witches as using their magical powers for the betterment of humankind and in conjunction with what society would define as just.To address the second point of evidence, self-proclamation, this paper will focus on the people who claim themselves to be witches. Thus far, this paper has shown that the handed-down concept of the Devil-worshipping witch, using magic to bring harm to a community that has harmed her is an unlikely and unreal concept. However, the existence of witches as self-defined practitioners of a specific belief governance that worships a female deity and chants spells to bring about some form of change is, in fact, real. The famous philosopher Descartes once famously uttered words that give roughly to I think, therefore I am. Working upon this thought, he also indicated that humans are what they believe they are or what they portray themselves to be. By the corresponding token, those individuals who believe themselves to be witches, believe they have the power to effect change in their lives by mixing an herbal decoction for illness or chanting a spell, may indeed have a point. Because they believe they are witches, and portray themselves as such to the rest of society, other people cannot deny the

Production of tpa using eukaryotic n prokaryotic cells Essay

Production of tpa using eukaryotic n prokaryotic cells - Essay Examplecoli (prokaryotic). This is because of the high cost of the purification scheme needful on the tPA produced from E. coli. That from the mammalian cells does not require lots of purifications because the cell environment and content is similar to that of the body cells (in vitro). tPA produced in E. coli ask more purification to acquire the required state because it is composed of many components that are naturally not found with tPA in vitro conditions. The contents produced together with tPA in mammalian cells are similar to those in vitro hence are not foreign materials resulting to a less purification process. The E. coli based output signal process utilizes approximately sixteen purification steps (downstream) as compared to the five purification steps in CHO. Since the purification process in mammalian cells is not that complex less operating labour and supervision is required compared to the E. coli based. The CHO process utilizes nine percent of its total cost on operating labour while E. coli based utilizes twenty two percent. Also, the cost of acquiring the unlike purification units required for the many purification stages is higher in the E. coli based. Mammalian based process utilizes only twenty five percent of the total production cost on recovery (purification) compare to eighty eight percent on E. coli based. For the solubilization and renaturation step in the E. coli based production, approximately five tonnes of urea and xxvi tonnes of guanidine are required.The bacteria lack efficient secretion mechanisms for tPA, therefore, the proteins are deposited as inclusion bodies. For the recovery of the proteins, a renaturation procedure is required. Since the proteins in the bacteria are produced in low concentrations (about 2.4 mg per litre) the practicability of a renaturation based production process is limited. The E. coli based production does yield to larger quantities o f products that

Drug use in college students Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drug make use of in college students - Assignment ExampleThere are m whatsoever dependent variables out of which, level of drug use is explained here. Level of drug use can be described as usage level of illegal drugs by the students whether they are using the drugs by garment or as per social constraints (Riley, 2012). The level of drug use has many possible attributes such as intensity of consumption of drugs resulting in falling health, which alike affects the studies of the student. Illegal drug usage by students is a thought provoking concern and should be dealt considerably by law enforcement officials in order to fancy the issue.The independent variables related to drug use in college students can be attachment, commitment and level of college employment (Riley, 2012). Students studying in colleges form attachment with their adjoining people and places such as parents, school and college mates. The independent variable of attachment has attributes such as level of affec tion, respect of the elders and deterrence to use drugs. Attachment with any person or place appears as a force stopping students to use illegal drugs (Riley, 2012).Commitment is another independent variable that has many attributes such as students reputation in the college, employment of students and religion that they follow. All these attributes affect the students in being committed to their set values due to which, they are circumscribe to the drug usage in colleges (Riley, 2012). By considering their commitments to various options available to students, they are hindered to make illegal drug usage that is beneficial for their career and health.The level of college involvement is an independent variable, which can be explained as being engaged in co-curricular activities such as games, club memberships, employment and fraternities and much more. These engagements hinder the college students to get indulged in drug usage considering

Desert Exile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Desert Exile - Essay ExampleSince his obtain received a good salary while working at Mitsui, Uchida used to live a more decent feel than most of his Japanese colleagues in the United States. The author also witnessed new(prenominal) Japanese families suffer in the United States this is because Japanese Americans experienced immense difficulties than the aliens (Uchida 10).Uchidas experiences before the war were pleasant as he experienced whizz and togetherness of Japanese Americans who lived in the United States. His father could invite guests who would come and play golf with him while Uchidas mother took tea with her female friends (Uchida 14). From the experiences that Uchida had, it is apparent that life used to be enjoyable before the war broke out. The author seems to have lived happily with his friends and family. Uchida enjoyed life to the fullest since the family could take trips with a lot of ease because the father had a railroad pass that enabled him to visit various places without any restrictions.During the Second World War, the Japanese went through several experiences that brought immense problems into their lives. Following the outbreak of the war, Japanese-Americans in the military had to be ousted. This emanated from the attack on Pearl harbor, which angered the United States and created resentment towards the Japanese-Americans. The faced numerous problems as the United States establishment kicked them out of their homes. The U.S. government also introduced camps, which the army guarded by the army in order to ensure that they did not escape. The Japanese experienced problems with sanitation and overcrowding in the camps as many an(prenominal) of them could be confined in small camps. It became difficult for the Japanese-Americans to mingle with people from other racial groups. The segregation of the Japanese-Americans made them experience problems with access to essential services, particularly from the government that completely ne glected them (Uchida 52).The

Developmental Milestones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developmental Milestones - Essay ExampleChildren have widely individual characteristics and develop different skills at different paces. The interactive influences of genes and hold out literally shape the architecture of the developing brain, and the active ingredient is the serve and return nature of childrens engagement in relationships with their parents and other caregivers in their family or community (NSCDC, 20071). For the most part, parents instincts are usually the best indicator that development is not going right. Parents should therefore trust these instincts, and not be overly emphasise because babies can feel and react to stress in their caregivers. What is important is for parents to provide their babies with sufficient care and stimulation, to make sure that they eat and sleep well, and most of all, to constitute them that they are loved. Children bask in the love of their parents, and affection conveyed through words, touch, and just being there is probably the b est stimulus for development that any tender child could ever

Can socialism be achieved within a capitalist society Essay

Can socialism be achieved within a capitalist fraternity - Essay ExampleThe forces of collect, supply and availability of goods tick off prices. As a result, there exists a huge gap between individuals in possession of capital and the ones without. Under capitalism, the g all overnment has little control over labour forces (Wu, 2002, p. 56 Yunker, 2009, p. 56). Although socialism idea was noble, its enforcement in a modern capitalist society can prove to be retrogressive rather that reformist (Hancke?, Martin, and Mark, 2007, p. 34). The introduction of socialist elements would prove inefficient and wasteful in a capitalist economy. This owes to the difficulties that arise in the organization of production by socialists. Moreover, socialists remain light on the manner in which the system should be effectively integrated without harming the more stable capitalist form of governance. Gross misconceptions and indolence of the masses somewhat the intentions of socialism also threat en its practicality (Hancke? et al., 2007, p. 58). In effect, this would quarrel the scientific thought of rational conduct over life, which promotes rational sparing calculations. Socialism would fail to cross scarcity, an economic problem, if introduced in a capitalist society. Scarcity stems from the unlimited wants versus limited resources to meet them. Capitalism solves this problem finished the theory of value, which asserts that an individual can just now chose a good whose value is appeasing. Preference therefore sets the platform for monetary valuations and prices. Socialists do not value pricing or the determination of prices by economic agents. Without prices, valuations of goods and services would not adequately support satisfaction of wants through expending acquired incomes from specialized division of labour (Watson, and Hassett, 2008, p. 121). Socialism, through its limitation of the absence of fluctuating prices and innocuous markets, would undermine proper us e of resources in a capitalist society. It is nearly impossible to imagine a successful society that prevents free expression of preferences through a pool of prices. Random and frequent valuations of a resource through the forces of supply and demand are the only sure way of determining whether it is beingness used effectively to meet human wants. It would be impossible for socialist ideas like these to thrive in a highly competitive capitalist society where only the strong survive (Yunker, 2009, p. 112). While competitiveness in a capitalist society drives civilization, socialist ideas would lead to slow growth. This is because decision making and mean become centralized with bureaucracy standing in the way of development and growth. There is also the aspect of collective effort rather than personal challenge that leaves the society exposed to inefficiency and laxity. There is no place for laxity in a capitalist society as everyone is encouraged to work hard to accomplish perso nal development, which often reflects in the overall performance of the economy. Socialists cannot guarantee adequate service to consumers while maximizing profits compared to capitalists. This efficiency arises from the promotion of private self-control of factors of production, which socialists oppose (Lawler III, 2009, p. 6). Freedom by private owners like proprietors and entrepreneurs to acquire and dispose property sets them on the path to determining true prices that reflect market forces of demand and supply. Through such freedom to calculate and

The Gifts of the Holy Spirit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Gifts of the holy Spirit - Research Paper ExampleChristians bank in the existence of a single and most powerful superpower. They use the church for worship and education purposes. The church from a Christian point of forecast is not just the physical building, rather it constitutes the congregation as well as the believe system of the Christians. They be followers of Christ, and therefore do everything agree to the t to each oneings of the bible. In order to perform optimally in their activities, Christians are endowed with various gifts. These abilities enable them to perform both general and specialized duties and help each other in different ways. Believably, the gifs come from divinity fudge and are granted by the saintly Spirit to the deserving Christians. It is against this background that this paper provides an in discernment analysis of the gifts of the Holy Spirit. It argues that all gifts of the Holy Spirit are for today but some have ceased and are inexistent. To encounter a coherent view, it begins by defining the concept of spectral gifts.Defining a Spiritual GiftThe concept of a spiritual gift is complex and all encompassing. A spiritual gift is akin to spirituals, implying that it belongs to the spirit. In addition to having characteristics of a holy spirit, the gift is controlled by the spirit. Generally, Boice defines it as a special capability given by God which enables Christians to serve the church effectively.1. They are supernatural in nature and Christians need them in order to fulfil different missions in the church environment. They are given graciously by God to any individual He feels stern serve the church according to His wishes. From these considerations, individuals who are gifted do not derive the respective gifts. Neither do they deserve them. They are merely given sovereignty and freely by the Almighty God. They are not rewards and therefore everybody is entitle to them. Also worth appreciating is the recogniti on that all gifts are charismatic in nature. Put differently, all of these are given by God through the Holy Spirit. Based on the preceding explanation, it is certain that humans do not posses these gifts. They tail assembly be revoked at any time when God through the Holy Spirit feels that an individual is not using them as expected. They act as an ideal channel that the Holy Spirit uses to minister to the church. Christians in this sense are just instruments that are moulded to fit the spiritual expectations. In order to receive these gifts, the respective human soul needs to exhibit willingness. Only then can they be able to effectively utilize the gifts in line with the Godly expectations. An important characteristic of these gifts pertains to the recognition that they are closely related to natural abilities of an individual. hitherto they also have a miraculous characteristic. This distinguishes them from the normal abilities that the Christians have. To ensure optimal perfo rmance however, one is gifted with a gift that is closely related to his or her natural ability2. The gifts of the Holy Spirit are for today. They are relevant to the church settings and used by the Christians to benefit themselves as well as the entire church. They can only be recognized and utilized when they are needed. Seemingly, some of the gifts of the Holy Spirit such as apostolic and the gifts of signs have ceased. To a great extent, this is imputable to the recognition that they are no longer needed by the church. The Gifts of the Holy Spirit Apostleship This gift is classified under the leadership category of the gifts of the Holy Spirit. consort to Gangel, an apostle is a messenger who is sent by God with orders to deliver to a specific population3. An apostle is delegated authority by God through the Holy Spirit to lay out Him in especially a foreign land. Biblically, apostles were the very initial leaders of the Christian church. They were commissioned by Jesus Chris t to preach the gospel and ensure that is spreads to the entire globe. In this respect, apostles were a

Innocent smoothies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Innocent smoothies - Assignment ExampleInnocents mini-kiosks were some of the few food outlets in the prodigious park offering healthy food alternatives to the millions of attendees.The gild also ran a two-week campaign called Tweet for A seat prior to the start of the Olympics (Eleftheriou-Smith, 2012). This was intended to earn the fans regenerate the advertisements by tweeting pictures of the companys products to their followers. In the campaign, Innocent called on its Twitter followers to suggest whom they wanted to take with them to the Olympics and the reason for a probability to win a seat for two. The campaign followed a decision by the company to scrap off its scheduled promotion through which it aimed to improve the deal of Olympic tickets. Smoothie had worked to be the official smoothie and juice sponsor of the Olympics.Before the start of 2012 Olympic, Innocent launched a healthy living campaign, which encouraged wad to kick off the year with healthy lifestyles (Ele ftheriou-Smith, 2011). The company features one retired athlete, Kris Akabusi in its video advert clips and billboards with a message to encourage people to impart back into fitness through exercising. It gave away free day passes to the gyms of virgin active all over Europe (OReilly, 2014). Although this campaign was not geared to promoting the Olympics, it helped the company generate more revenue clocking 200 million pounds the following year.The companys promotional campaigns have always focused on marketing its products as the best alternative healthy foods in Europe. It prompts people to focus on their health and watch their diet. Its tagline tastes good, does good is meant to appeal to the buyers to buy the products and feel the tastes and make of the product. By appealing to the healthy lifestyle, the company brands itself as the only one offering alternatives to longer living. This is a moral appeal

Evaluating TQM of Emirates Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Evaluating TQM of Emirates Airlines - Essay ExampleBy providing a skeletal support for the strategies, it will be easy to allocate resources to the burning(prenominal) goals respectively without wastage of precious resources. They to a fault make the task easier for ever employee as it makes clear what they have to do or aim to do and they will be motivated towards a strategy. (Basil enthalpy Liddell Hart, 1967)Mission and vision of EmiratesThe mission statement of Emirates isTo become a leading airline with good node relations by encouraging transparency and bonnie competition and adopting open skies policy.The vision of Emirates isTo become a leading airline by setting new industry standards that has focus on innovation, diversity and customer service.Strategies and Goals To become a global airline and carrier of choice all over the world.To promote UAE especially Dubai as maven of the safest, innovational, technologically advanced. Progressive and modern commercial centers of the world.To encourage sustainability and economic efficiency through various programsTo encourage diversity by having multi-cultural staffTo develop and train employees and provide them opportunities to enhance their skills. To consent and develop new technologies internally as well as in the services and products that are offered t the customers. To expand and grow in the new markets. sum total Competencies The core competencies of Emirates include its Strong leverage to brands Focus on marketing and promoting the brands by investing on them Competitive cost structure Focus on low costs so as to offer low fares. Spoke and hub operation The mega hub of Emirates Airlines is at Dubai International Airport that is the centre connecting the whole world. (Emirates, n.d.) Strategic comprise Strategic control is very important to monitor the internal and external environment. It helps in evaluating the companys programs from a long term perspective. For Emirates it is very important t o systematically and continuously check the implementation of plans, monitor all the events that take place inside and outside the company in all situations. (Porter, 1996) Stakeholder analysis presidency Government of UAE is the major stakeholder of Emirates Airline as it is also one of the owners of the company. They have high power and are very much interested in the trading operations of the company. The government has the authority to build pressure and question the decisions. The government is so much involved with the company that it created a liberal market for the Airline to knead in Fast east Share holders they are the people who have bought the shares of Emirates. They have high level of interest in the affairs of the business as they have invested their money, but they have low level of power. It is very important to develop engagement strategy for them and keep them informed about the activities. Employees employees are one of the main stakeholders of a company as th ey have the power that can either make the company or break it. They are directly united to the company. It is thus very important to keep them satisfied by providing training and development opportunities, good compensations and a good environment. Their needs should be catered and taken veneration of. Customers without the customers a company cannot survive. Customers thus are very important and play a very important role. They have the power to influence the company and its success. Strategies should be made to keep the customers engaged and updated about the products and services. Public on a larger scale the

Role of the Public Relations Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of the Public Relations Professional - Essay Examplepublic relations department jock increase the customer base of a company and it helps build a better somatic take to which indirectly helps the marketing department. This paper discusses public relations and its impact in the corporate world.Public relations activities arse either be perform in-house or by an external public relations agency. in that location are many booming businesses out there in the global economy. These companies may be good at their expertise, but most of them do non have the functional business knowledge to perform an adequate job with specific business functions such as public relations. Due to this business truth public relation agency such as 5W Public Relations exist. 5W is one of the 25 largest public relations agencies in the United States whose goal is to successful deliver their clients messages to the target audiences (5wpr, 2009). Some of the corporate clients that enjoy the services of 5W are rapper Ice Cube, Barnes & Noble, Harrahs, Nice, Phillips Van Hausen Corporation, andMcDonalds. Many of these corporate clients choose to outsource their public relations activities to public relations a public relation agency such as 5W because it more cost hard-hitting to contract them than to perform these types of activities themselves. For example in order to be successful with media relation you have good contacts with news and media channels to get media players to participate in your media initiatives. It is much easier for public relation agency to deal with the networking, than for a sole corporation or specific client to do it themselves.Public relations can have a high level of importance for corporation when they get into trouble due to bad corporate action that hurt the brand image of a firm. An example of a company that needed major help from its public relations activities after mishandling its international activities was Nike Corporation. In the late 1990s Nike got bear on in manufacturing activities in developing nation

Assignment 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

4 - Assignment ExampleThe fourteenth Amendment of the United States guarantees all citizens of the United States citizenship slumps and equal protection of their rights (Engdahl, 2009). Under the Fourteenth Amendment, all citizens of United States should enjoy their rights without anyone or any organization infringing on these rights. If a policy is put in place to control whether civil servants should suck tattoos or how and when they should have tattoos, the policy will be infringing on their rights. This is a right that is enjoyed by all citizens in the United States and excluding a group of citizens from this right based on their status as civil servants will be tantamount to preventing them from enjoying this right as other citizens (Engdahl, 2009).Tattoos are put on the form parts of individual persons. These tattoos do not in any way endanger the lives of the persons who choose to put them in their bodies. As such, they cannot be considered illegal unless in circumstances w here the tattoos are meant to disturb unrestricted peace by wrongfully targeting other people or when they promote unwanted issues such as racism. The policies on the code of conduct for civil servants address issues such as mode of dressing. Such a policy covers how civil servants should dress and behave in public offices. Such policies are enough because they cover issues such as how much privacy civil servants should display when in office.The above reasons show why a policy on tattoos for any civil servant should not be in place. Such policies will infringe on the rights of civil servants as American citizens. Secondly, the policies will treat civil servants as if they are second-degree citizens. If such policy were to be implemented, then it should apply to all citizens.Comment on thread The accompaniment that the First Amendment does not provide absolute rights for public employees, it does not provide absolute rights for other citizens and putting tattoos is not an absolute right but a privacy

Attempt to Understand the Conditions that Eventually Led to the Research Paper

Attempt to Understand the Conditions that Eventually Led to the Holocaust - Research Paper ExampleHilberg (1985) in his account has sufficiently articulated the different diachronic stages that preceded the Holocaust and which set the ground ready for the 20th century genocide in all respects ranging from the legal status of such acts within the German territories, and to an utmost beyond it, to the fundamentalist thoughts that would accompany such acts. Hilbergs analysis is also marked for the in-depth details regarding the functioning of the pogrom machinery. The 20th-century final solution also makes it possible to be read, and to be interrogated and further explore, as an event which is part of our modernity and all the institutions that mark its existence including bureaucracy. It also throws definite challenges to our understandings of the modern enlightenment rationality to the extent it reserves sufficient spaces to accommodate inhuman acts and thoughts under the disguise o f being rationale. Nevertheless, the fact that the massacre of Jews could not be identified separately from the historical incidents that preceded it both with and without any direct or indirect relation to it and that it has not been the first or even the last of such massacres in the name of religion, race, ethnicity etc., might engage any sociological analysis of the 20th century genocide to broaden its perspectives beyond the scope and limits of modernity and rationality. However the relation between the modernity and holocaust gathers much more significance since, as Eberhard Jckel wrote, never before had a state with the authority of its responsible leader decided and announced that a specific human group, including its aged, its women and its children and infants, would be killed as quickly as possible, and then carried through this resolution using every possible means of state index (quoted in Maier 1988, p 53).

Fishers narrative paradigm Essay Example for Free

Fishers narrative paradigm EssayOne could argue, for instance, that the narrative of Translators without Borders ultimately sustains and justifies an ethics of consumerism through the commoditization of human grief. By blurring the boundaries in the midst of commercial and humanitarian agendas, the narrative accommodates itself to the established cosmetic use of good causes by big business to improve its image and deflect trouble from its less savory practices.Finally, the Translators Without Borders story feeds into hegemonic cultural narratives of favorable responsibility that are ultimately designed to make the donors feel good about themselves rather than at once address the needs of the recipients. This is evident in Lori Thicke s article, published in Multilingual Computing and Technology, where she explains the attraction of the humanitarian exercise as follows Giving external translations for worthy cause is win-win scenario. Eurotexte feels good about it. The tra nslators feel good about it, and they see Eurotexte as an agency that really cares which we do.And last but not least, our customers handle this to be point of distinction. (2oo34) In the final analysis, as Hinchman and Hinchman point out, we ex list or withhold allegiance to communities depending on our rational judgments concerning the narratives on which they are ground (1997238) Fishers narrative paradigm, as have tried to demonstrate with the narrative of Translators Without Borders, offers us framework not only for making rational judgments but also for assessing narratives in terms of fidelity and, thus, their ethical import.Gumperz (1982) demonstrated that speakers in conversation are engaged in an ongoing and immediate process of assessing others intentions and producing responses based on the perspicacity of those intentions. He calls this situated or context-bound process of interpreting meaning conversational inference and the meanings themselves are flexible and evolve as conversations proceed (Gumperz 1977). To talk punt and forth-to speak as well as listen-entails both sending and receiving multiple levels of meaning.In numerous examples, he illustrates how meanings are conveyed from multiple levels of language consisting of, but not limited to, lexical or phonological choice, syntactic patterns, use of formulaic expressions, code-switching, prosodic cues (intonation and stress), and paralinguistic (e. g. , pitch, register, rhythm, and volume). Meaning is not only determined by features of language, but also, as Gumperz demonstrates, by background expectations, prior knowledge or relationships, roles, cultural knowledge, and other social knowledge.According to Gumperz, interpreting meaning is process of contextualization in which listener associates reliable kinds of cues within the language, called contextualization cues, with information content on the one hand and with background expectations, or social knowledge, on the other ( Gu mperz 1978 1982). Contextualization cues refer to any aspect of the descend up form of utterances that, when attached to message content, function as way of signaling how to understand what is utter.These cues signal to listeners when speakers have do their points, which information is foreground and which is background, what the relationship is between comments, how what is said should be heard (whether anger or joking is meant), and many other kinds of information. Adopting cross-cultural perspective, Gumperz developed method for investigating the process of contextualization cues by examining situations where they stop to work. When speakers share similar cultural backgrounds, then contextualization cues are also shared and speakers rarely misunderstand.However, when cues are not shared, misunderstandings prevail. Schiffrin ( 1994) interprets his main contribution as emanating from his studies of the way quite a little within larger culture, who are members of smaller, distinct cultures, may share grammatical knowledge of common language (such as English) but may also contextualize what is said variedly than member of the larger culture. In this way, messages are produced that are understood perhaps partially, but not completely, such that people take away different interpretations of what was said and done.The following is well known example from Gumperz (1982 3o) cited by Schiffrin (1994 7) Following an informal graduate seminar at major university, black student approached the instructor, who was about to move over the room accompanied by several other black and white students, and said Could talk to you for minute? am gonna apply for fellowship and was wondering if could get recommendation? The instructor replied oK. Come along to the office and tell me what you want to do. As the instructor and the rest of the group left the room, the black student said, bend his head ever so slightly to the other studentsAhma git me gig (Roug h gloss am going to get myself some support. ) Before exploring how different interpretations were made by listeners, this example can serve to illustrate what interactional sociolinguistic data is and how its analysis proceeds. First, sociolinguist analyzes actual utterances that have been written down immediately or recorded on tape by an investigator. Significant to sociolinguistics is that these are not data generated from the analysts mind or experience but rather have been really uttered by human being in natural context.Second, examples from data are always accompanied by brief explanation of the contextthe physical setting, social roles, relationships of other participants, and other information. Any utterance can be the focus of analysis by asking, how was this utterance understood by the people who heard it, and how did these participants grow at their interpretation? For the sociolinguist, this entails describing the grammatical knowledge of participants and the so cio-cultural knowledge that listeners rely on to understand the messages conveyed.Specifically, such an analysis accounts for the way explicit linguistic signs, such as word choice, intonation, rhythm, stress, and lexical and phonetic choices indicate speaker intent and also how social knowledge influenced listeners interpretation. When these cues are tacitly shared by speakers, interpretive processes tend to go un-remarked. However, when listener does not react to cue or is unaware of its function, interpretations vary, misunderstandings occur, and judgments are made.

Changes in technology Essay Example for Free

Changes in technology EssayTechnology enhances globalization. In past both decades, technology burst break through like an explosion, definitely, the improvements of technology make our lives much more convenience. And, the advanced technology in microprocessors, earnings, and transportation en fitted the spreading out of globalization. Hill, C., (2001) stated Globalization has two main components the globalization of markets and the globalization of product. In other(a) words, the changing in technology would lead to an influence on globalization of markets and globalization of production.The widely use in microprocessors and telecommunications increasing the amount of information being transferred, but lower its cost. This is very helpful in merging markets. The opportunities for companies to expend businesses are raised, due to plummeting in global communication cost. Updated data can be collected, and monitoring overseas markets trend would become easier. Moreover, pop ulation of using Internet grows continuously since 1995 (Hill, C., 2001). This helps to create a global audience advertisings are non restricted by geographic region anymore. Products can sold at overseas, much(prenominal) as Hill, C. (2001) pointed out customer can buy Levis jeans in Paris McDonalds restaurant located in Tokyo. And, the cost of transportation plummeted, due to the revolutionized in transportation business, also helpful for expansion of business. Manufacturers can transport products at a lower cost and in a shorter time.As the trendy of globalization of production, fatty activities spread out over the world, invention and widely use of microprocessors and Internet help supervisor to control the productive activities, and easier to communication to other in the process. The dispersion of production, for instance Hewlett-Packard separated its operations activities to different places, but reducing cost at the same time (Hill, C. 2001). As the decreasing cost in tr ansportation, umpteen businesses move their manufacturing plants to nations that provide cheaper raw materials and nature resources, in order to diminishing their production cost.Summering the above points, the three main changes in technology (microprocessors, Internet, and transportation) have a great supportive tothe globalization of markets and production. If the lower cost of communication does not exist, people around the world would not have so many chances to assign with others and business would not be willing to put money to widen their markets. If the world without Internet and the World Wide Web, people might not able to get the most updated information, the production skills cannot be improved and productive activities cannot be shared.Without the convenience transportation system, customer and provider would not connect each other products cannot transfer to overseas market. Therefore, people would lose the opportunities to enjoy different products from all around th e world. Finally, markets from different countries should not be merged together, and the production process should not spread out. Thats why the technology essential and enhance globalization.The above assignment is coming from the resources of Hill, C., Globalization, International Business, 2001, 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, New York.

Services for Community Healthcare

divine run for partnership healthc atomic number 18Introduction (2000-3000)Essential functionCommunity pharmacies provide various services to their customers every day. These services include essential services much(prenominal) as dispensing medicines, dispensing appliances, repeat dispensing, clinical governance, signposting, promotion of well-informed lifestyle, disposal of unwanted medicines and support for self-care. These services are delivered by all pharmacies as part of the NHS pharmacy contract.1Advanced servicesThere are four-spot advanced services that washbasin be delivered by the company pharmacies if they meet the criteria set up in the contract. These services include Medicines Use Reviews (MUR), New Medicines Service (NMS), Appliance Use Reviews (AUR) and Stoma Appliance Customisation (SAC).2 roughly customers visit pharmacies in order to receive essential services. Customers perspectives on federation pharmacies can be based around other factors as well as the quality of service they received from their pill pusher. Therefore customers perception of familiarity pharmacies is of extreme importance as they deliver various services to uncomplainings on daily basis. Each pharmacist has a duty of care to their tolerants.Pharmacists are slowly accessible and highly trusted in the communities. Their responsibilities include dispensing medicines as well as providing pharmaceutical care. They can increase patients participation in their own care by educating them about their disease, explaining the importance of adherence and increasing ken of the most common side effects.3 They can counsel patients about do drugss such(prenominal) as appropriate drug usage, administration, dosage, side effects, storage and drugdrug and drugfood interactions.4 pharmaceutical CarePharmaceutical care is described as the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definitive outcomes that remedy a patients quality of life.5Later a n ew definition emerged in which pharmaceutical care was described as A enforce in which the practitioner takes responsibility for the patients drug related needs and is held accountable for this commitment6 many another(prenominal) people are prescribed multiple and long term medication. Pharmaceutical care includes collecting information, assessing information, setting appropriate objectives, selecting appropriate therapy and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy and educating patients on medicine intent. All steps need the involvement of patient from collecting information to the selection of therapy and implementing that therapy for the benefit of the patient.Todays pharmacist needs to stick patients the centre of their attention. Pharmacists can maximise the therapeutic benefit to the patient by using a multidisciplinary approach such as consultation with other healthcare barterals and the patients themselves. Pharmacists can play a fundamental role in the overall patient experience as they are a critical source of drug knowledge in community, hospitals and industry.Different roles are played by the pharmacists throughout the world such as some prepare and supply medicines whilst others share their expertise and knowledge with healthcare professionals and patients and work in medicines information teams.7Social change through health promotion campaigns, media and internet has led to increased risk awareness amongst the semipublic and therefore there is an increase in demand for their questions to be answered and their issues to be taken up by healthcare professionals. Pharmacists are at the capitulum of this interaction and they must lead as a model to others and develop confidence amongst their patients by appropriately dealing with their concerns.They can do this by guardianship themselves up to date with the latest developments in the pharmaceutical industry. The media plays a key role in influencing public opinion regarding the quality of tre atment and the variety of several(predicate) drugs used to treat disease. Pharmacists should stop that they are fully aware of such topics and can thoroughly answer any issues raised in their pharmacy. A straightforward example of this is the advice that the pharmacists can offer to their patients in regards to their smoking habits. They can play a proactive role in identifying the fact that they smoke and then accommodate them to the appropriate smoking cessation schemes. This will improve the quality of pharmaceutical services, instilling confidence in the patient with the fact that pharmacist is an effective allude of call.In recent years, provision of pharmacy services has shifted more towards pharmaceutical care along with medicine supply.8 Although some personal and social barriers exist in pharmacist-patient communication9 but the involvement of patients in their own care is helping to eliminate these barriers.10 The quality of pharmaceutical care depends on the ability of the pharmacist. An outcome of the therapy can be improved if regular interactions are maintained between the pharmacist and the patient.11Many studies shake up shown that patients discover they benefit more if they maintain a regular clash with the pharmacist and they consider pharmacist to be an important source of information for medicines and minor ailments.121314The World Health Organisation (WHO) has made a valuable office to the recognition of the importance of a pharmacists role worldwide, especially in quality assurance and the full and effective administration of drugs.15 WHO along with worldwide Pharmaceutical Federation proposed a seven star pharmacist concept, which requires future pharmacists to possess specific knowledge, attitude, skills and behaviour.16In addition WHO recommends 1 pharmacist per 2000 population to tick optimum benefit to the society from efficient provision of pharmaceutical services. Each pharmacist should be held accountable for the cost, quality and results of pharmaceutical care provided to the patients. Also they should be involved in decisions about health policies.17Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)Pharmacists can play a vital role in healthcare by preventing wayward drug reactions (ADRs) caused by overdosing, medication errors and non-adherence. ADRs include any undesirable outcome that can be attributed to the action of a drug.ADRs can cause various problems such as the control of further complications in existing disease, delaying the cure of a disease, mimicking other disease states. As a consequence this result in unproductive treatment as the drug induced problem goes unrecognised. Thus, causing patients to lose confidence in their pharmacist and the overall quality of their treatment.This demonstrates that ADRs are a driving force behind additional problems e.g 6.5% of hospital admissions are due to drug therapy problems.18 10% of patients admitted to acute hospitals experienced an adverse drug reaction. Half of these were considered preventable.19 14.7% of hospital in-patients are as a consequence of ADRs. ADRs are also a significant cause of morbidity thus increasing the length of stay of patients by an intermediate of 0.25 days/patient per admission episode.The drugs most frequently associated with ADRs are diuretics, opioid analgesics, anticoagulants and NSAIDs.20 These four drug groups account for 50% of all drug related admissions. As an example ADRs caused by NSAIDs account for 12,000 bleeding ulcers/year leading to 2,000 deaths/year.21Pharmacists SignificanceOne of the very important aspects of this profession involves every professional working to their full potential to provide the best possible care and service to their customers. However, if a pharmacist does not provide the optimum attention and care to their patients then it can bring down the reputation and the effectiveness of the profession.Pharmacists are of utmost importance in ensuring that their attitude toward s this side of the practice is as critical as ensuring the clinical and legal correctness of a prescription. This can not only correct the mistakes made while dispensing but ensure a significant benefit to the patients health from the therapy utilised to benefit the patient. A lack of consideration towards this aspect of the practice is harmful to the patient and the NHS as it will prolong the time required to manage and cure the conditions under treatment.Quality of services delivered by community pharmacies is mostly assessed by patients opinion and customer blessedness surveys which are carried out as an integral component of the essential services through clinical governance.22The responsibility of ensuring the safe and effective use of medicines lies with the pharmacists whether it is community or hospital pharmacy. Pharmacists can fulfil this responsibility by counselling patients about their conditions and medications.23Precise role of the community pharmacist is defined by General Pharmaceutical Counsel (GPHC) and other professional pharmaceutical associations.24Public Perception of Community PharmacistPublic view of pharmacists is not that of healthcare advisors thus limiting pharmacists role and restricting them in providing beneficial services to the public. There is a need to educate public about the role a pharmacist could play in providing advice and guidance in minor ailments and pharmacists being the first line of approach when faced with a health related issue. Consumers who approach pharmacists are those who have previous experience of receiving help from pharmacists to treat minor ailments. Even then they dont use pharmacists as first point of contact they normally tend to research and self-diagnose before seeking help from a healthcare professional such as a pharmacist. Thus this limits the role a pharmacist could play in giving advice and helping customers.25 persevering-pharmacist interaction is an essential tool to discovering better st rategies and methods that could be busy in everyday practice to make the service better and more useful. This can be done by asking for opinions from the patients about the services that they have received while attending a pharmacy. These can be used to evaluate the need for a new intervention and improve the quality of underway services.26 Also these observations can form a guideline when implementing improved strategies and referred to when measuring an improvement in the quality of service.27Customer SatisfactionSatisfaction has been defined as the health care recipients reaction to salient aspects of his or her service experience by Cleary and McNeil.28 A consume has defined customer satisfaction as an emotional response which relates to expectations and develops after consumption experience.29Throughout the world many studies have been conducted in to the role of the pharmacist and patient satisfaction from the community pharmacies. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40A study i n Qatar reported that public does not understand the role of community pharmacists as healthcare provider. 41 However, people in Maltese and Lusitanian understand community pharmacists roles as a healthcare provider. 42 Public in Saudi Arabia appreciated pharmacists role and did approach them for advice. 43 Most Australians feel that pharmacist do not explain medication use properly. 44 Japanese customers would like direct communication with pharmacist and convenient opening hours. 45 A study in Canada reported high levels of customer satisfaction from the services provided by community pharmacies.46 Hargie et al conducted a study in UK in 1992 to measure consumer perceptions and attitudes to community pharmacy services. They open that 32% of people considered pharmacists as business orientated, 26% considered pharmacists as health orientated and 42% considered them as both health and business. 47 Community pharmacies were highly rated in US by the public in a survey in 1997. 48A study by Larson et al. (2002) into patient satisfaction found that customers were more satisfied with the friendly approach by the staff than the pharmaceutical care by the pharmacists. 49 Another study by Cerulli (2002) reported that customers had a compulsive impression of community pharmacists and a hind end of customer-pharmacist relationship had been established. 50 The US national pharmacy consumer survey in 2002 reported high satisfaction with pharmacy services. 51Most reports suggest that customers are satisfied with the pharmacist as drug experts and the services provided by community pharmacies. However some aspects can be improved such as the privacy, confidentiality and unequal treatment of customers.52This study can provide important information about patients perception of community pharmacies and the changes required to improve quality of performance.1 http//psnc.org.uk/services-commissioning/essential-services/2 http//psnc.org.uk/services-commissioning/essential-se rvices/3 Bluml BM. Definition of medication therapy management development of professionwide consensus. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2005455665724 Hmmerlein A., Griese N., Schulz M. Survey of drug-related problems identified by community pharmacies. Ann Pharmacother. 200741(11)18251832. PubMed5 Hepler C.D., mountain chain L.M. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm.47, 533 (1990).6 Strand L.M. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 37, 474, (1997)7Gilbert L. Curr. Sociol.49, 97 (2001).8. Kotecki J.E. J. Commun. Health, 27, 291 (2002). Worley M.M. Schommer J.C., Brown L.M., Hadsall R.S., Ranelli P.L., Stratton T.P., Uden D.L. Res. Social Adm. Pharm. 3, 47 (2007).9Paluck E.C., Green LW, Frankish CJ, Fielding DW, Haverkamp B Eval. Health Prof. 26, 380 (2003).10Tio J., LaCaze A., Cottrell N. Pharm. World Sci. 29, 73 (2007)11Nau D.P., Ried L.D., Lipowski E.E., Kimberlin C., Pendergast J., Spivey-Miller S. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 40, 36 (2000).12Tio J., LaCaze A., Cottrell N. Pharm. World Sci. 29, 73 (2007).1314. Nau D.P., Ried L.D., Lipo wski E.E., Kimberlin C., Pendergast J., Spivey-Miller S. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 40, 36 (2000).15 Dunlop J.A., Shaw J.P. Pharm. World Sci. 24, 224 (2002).16Zammit D. Pharm. J. 271, 468 (2003).17Khan, R.A., drugstore education and healthcare.Dawn, Pakistan, June 29 (2007).18Pirmohamed et al, British Medical Journal2004 329 15-1919Vincent C et al, British Medical Journal2001 322 517-519(http//bmj.bmjjournals.com)20(Davies EC et al PLoS maven 2009 4(2) e4439)21(Davies EC et al PLoS ONE 2009 4(2) e4439)22 Ried LD, Wang F, Young H, Awiphan R. Patients satisfaction and their perception of the pharmacist. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 199939(6)835842. PubMed23 Hepler CD, Strand LM. Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J Hosp Pharm. 199047533543. PubMed24 FIP International Pharmaceutical Federation. URL http//www.fip.org/community_pharmacy . 15 April 2014.25 Advice provided in British community pharmacies what people want and what they get.Hassell K1, Noyce P, Rogers A, H arris J, Wilkinson J.26 Kucukarslan S.N., Nadkarni A. Evaluating medication-related services in a hospital setting using the disconfirmation of expectations model of satisfaction. Res Social Dam Pharm. 20084(1)1222. PubMed27 Iqbal Z, Jalees AF, Khar Roop Krishen KR, Sushama T. Pharmacist as an Indispensable Part of Health Care System A Survey, Outcome and Reflections. Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res. 42(1), Jan- Mar, 20087883.28 Cleary PD, McNeil BJ. Patient satisfaction as an exponent of quality care. Inquiry. 198825(1)25-36. PubMed29 Oparah A.C., Kikanme L.C. Consumer satisfaction with community pharmacies in Warri. Nigeria. Res Social Adm Pharm. 20062(4)499511. PubMed30 Wirth F., Tabone F., Azzopardi L.M., Gauci M., Zarb-Adami M., Serracino-Inglott A. Consumer perception of the community pharmacist and community pharmacy services in Malta. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research. 20101189194.31 Cavaco A.M., Dias J.P., Bates I.P. Consumers perceptions of community pharmacy in Portugal a qualitative exploratory study. Pharm World Sci. 200527(1)5460. PubMed32 Bawazir S.A. Consumer attitudes towards community pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Int J Pharm Pract. 2004128389.33 Oritz M, Liden D, Thomas R, Morgan G, Morland R. The impact of professional services on pharmacy patronage findings of a pharmacy practice foundation survey (Part 6) Aust J Pharm 1987 68 20714.34 Farris K.B., Stenton S.B., Samnani M., Samycia D. How satisfied are your patients? Can Pharm J. 2000103236.35 Kamei M., Teshima K., Fukushima N., Nakamura T. investigation of patients demand for community pharmacies Relationship between pharmacy services and patient satisfaction. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2001121(3)215220. PubMed36 Hargie O., Morrow N., Woodman C. Consumer perceptions of and attitudes to community pharmacy services. Pharm J. 1992249988991.37 Briesacher B., Corey R. Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at independent and chain pharmacies. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 19975453 1536. PubMed38 Larson L.N., Rovers J.P., MacKeigan L.D. Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care Update of a validated instrument. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002424450. PubMed39 Cerulli J. Patients perceptions of independent community pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assoc. 200242279282. PubMed40 Stergachis A., Maine L.L., Brown L. The 2001 national pharmacy consumer survey. J Am Pharm Assoc. 200242568576. PubMed41 El Hajj M.S., Salem S., Mansoor H. Publics attitudes towards community pharmacy in Qatar a pilot study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 20115405422. PMC free article PubMed42 Wirth F., Tabone F., Azzopardi L.M., Gauci M., Zarb-Adami M., Serracino-Inglott A. Consumer perception of the community pharmacist and community pharmacy services in Malta. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research. 20101189194.43 Bawazir S.A. Consumer attitudes towards community pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Int J Pharm Pract. 2004128389.44 Oritz M, Liden D, Thomas R, Morgan G, Morland R. The impact of professional services on pharmacy patronage findings of a pharmacy practice foundation survey (Part 6) Aust J Pharm 1987 68 20714.45 Farris K.B., Stenton S.B., Samnani M., Samycia D. How satisfied are your patients? Can Pharm J. 2000103236.46 Kamei M., Teshima K., Fukushima N., Nakamura T. Investigation of patients demand for community pharmacies Relationship between pharmacy services and patient satisfaction. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2001121(3)215220. PubMed47 Hargie O., Morrow N., Woodman C. Consumer perceptions of and attitudes to community pharmacy services. Pharm J. 1992249988991.48 Briesacher B., Corey R. Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at independent and chain pharmacies. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 199754531536. PubMed49 Larson L.N., Rovers J.P., MacKeigan L.D. Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care Update of a validated instrument. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002424450. PubMed50 Cerulli J. Patients perceptions of independent community pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002 42279282. PubMed51 Stergachis A., Maine L.L., Brown L. The 2001 national pharmacy consumer survey. J Am Pharm Assoc. 200242568576. PubMed52 The Contribution of Community Pharmacy to Improving the Publics Health (Anderson, Blenkinsopp Armstrong, Pharmacy Health Link, 2009) http//www.pharmacyhealthlink.org.uk/?q=evidence_base_reports accessed 18.04.14.

Analysing Existing Trends of Space Selling

Analysing Existing Tr stops of piazza exchangeAbstractIf an ad is peed and placed in the media, the costs of creation and term or quadruplet in the media must be paid for. This is a major argona in which advertise de authoritys from public tellings. Advertising doesnt have that problem. If time or infinite is bought in the media, the ads (as bulky as they follow the guidelines set down for good taste, legal harvestings and services, etc.) leave behind appear. The drawback is that ads be clearly designed to extol the virtues of harvest-festivals and companies, and any ad is perceived by consumers as at least partly puffery. There ar two basic ways to switch any liaison personalisedly and non-person completelyy. Personal administer requires the vender and the debaseer to build to unhorseher. There argon advantages and disadvantages to this. The offset printing advantage is time the seller has time to discuss in detail e precisething ab come forth the harvest. The buyer has time to ask questions, get answers, and examine evidence for or against purchase. A second advantage of personal exchange is that the seller crumb see them. Finally, the seller empennage easily turn up possible buyers. If they enter a plainlyt in, they probably have an interest in something that keep sells. Street vendors and door-to-door sellers preempt merely shout at possibilities, want the Hyde Park vendors who call out. From in that respect on they fit their message to the individual guest, taking all the time a customer is willing to give them. From the above, it appears that personal interchange is much calculateter than advertising, which is non-personal. This is true. Advertising has n whizz of the advantages of personal selling there is very little time in which to present the gross sales message, there is no way to know just who the customer is or how she is responding to the message, the message commode non be changed in mid-course to suit the customers reactions.Products, services or ideas ar the things that advertisers want consumers to buy (in the case of ideas, buy means accept or agree with as well as lay out hard, refrigerated cash). However, there is to a greater extent than mixed in convergences or services than simply contingents for purchase.A product is non merely its function. It is actually a bundle of values, what the product means to the consumer. That bundle whitethorn contain the products function, and in addition the social, psychological, economic or whatever other values argon fundamental to the consumer.Chapter 1 openingIn an era when somatogenetic tail quadriceps femoris is still at a premium, constrained by designning restrictions and rising costs, productive usance of office is a key indication of buying and commercializeing success, and high berth productivity depends on whirl the remunerate range, in a logical layout, with products procurable and elementary for the customer to celebrate. Decisions to the highest degree how much shoes to devote to each product line and its location in the investment company play an important place in the stake of merchandising success. The postulate of this chapter is to provide an insight into this process.1.1 Space selling worrySpace selling backwardness applies to all sellers, but in non- blood selling the constraints ar diverse. A mail order retailer, for example, has page musculus quadriceps femoris and the soma of pages in a outlet as constraining factors, whilst a TV shopping passage ineluctably to break down the airtime to antithetical products. However, internet retailing offers great opportunities for adding distance without much additional resource input. The briny constraint on the come up of length employ in a virtual outlet is the customers attention span. In spite of this additional freedom, the documentals of blank shell allocation are necessaryly the same no matter which retail do is used.The management of retail space is concerned with a number of key objectives. The first is to optimize both absolutely-term and long term returns on the enthronization cost of retail pace. The second is to provide a logical, convenient and inspiring interface surrounded by the product range and the customer. This can be especially important in a boastful store, where customers can sort of easily become overwhelmed and lost. Another objective is to put forward sure that the right selection of products is in stock(predicate) that products fit into the retail space and that stock-outs are avoided. Choice for the customer is maximized when the best selection for them is put into the available space. Space allocation aim has an important role to play in communicating the retail brand, When ice is managed centrally it helps a chain of retail outlets to execute optical consistency, so that customers waiver reassured by the similarity of the store layout an d shelf appearance.1.2 The Space Management ProcessA retailer goes through a number of symbolises when allocating space to products. These 4 stages will they used as a framework for the Inclusion of discussion outlets deep down this chapter.Measuring Space changeAlthough space in a store outlet is three dimensional, retail space is often measured in square, rather than cubic units, Square units twinkle capture where, for example in style retailing, a variety of single tier fixtures stand on the shop Iloor (see FigureS. I). many an(prenominal) fixtures, however, arc multi direct and so more than than than than appropriate ways of amount space to divvy up susceptibility be on the al-Qaeda of additive or cubic footage (see Figures 8.2 and 8.3). Measurements of space that are more contingent propo mountion to individual retailers might be useful, such as the number of pages to be published in a catalogue or the total number of fixtures available in an outlet.Space pro ductivenessThe two principal measures of retail success arc sales and profits. Sales volume and profitability can also he measured in relation to the amount of space used to generate those levels of sales and profits. This can so be compared with the level of financial investment in that space. The resulting measures express the productivity of retail space. Sales (or profits) per square meter is a commonly used measure of retail space productivity, which is an important fancy in the evaluation of retail product management performance.Dividing the space into selling areasAt this stage, space management is concerned with allocating space to different product areas, outlined according to individual retail workes, but usually on the basis of product ( incision or kinfolk. The amount of space will he determined to a greater extent on previous performance indicators, typically sales values. However, sonic products, because of their physical characteristics whitethorn need disproport ionate amounts of space in relation to sales. In a department store, home furnishings may need a relatively humongous amount of space to generate a good level of sales because the products are bulky, a sizable variety of merchandise is needed for customers to choose from and a lot of display space is needed to do the product justice. On the other hand, jewellery is a high value product category that needs relatively nice amounts of space for display and selling purposes. The stage a product category is at in its life cycle is likely to influence the space allocation at this level. If a category is growing, then more space should be al regain, whereas a declining category needs to have its space rationalizes.Measuring selling space using square metres use linear measurement for space sellingUsing cubic measurement for space sellingTypical hotspots In a Space sellingParticularly translucent in department stores, where medical specialist products such as furniture and home enterta inment, as well as hairdressing salons and customer service departments located on basement or f number floors, Customer flow can also be encouraged by locating high affect items throughout the store layout, with plenty of impulse items located in between. Retailers need to find a balance between maximizing sales of high demand products, generating flow nearly slower selling products (which may have higher profit gross profits), and providing logic and convenience in the layout for the customer,Product adjacenciesA logical route through the different product categories or departments is part of a customer focused offer, and can encourage linked sales. For example, in a baby equipment retailer like bugger off cares it draw offs sense for merchandise to be grouped into themes for space grooming purposes. These product themes are then presented in a logical way to the customer as they move through the store. Products for fast needs, such as feeding and general baby care come fi rst, followed by bath time and clothes and then on to the more expensive, mavin purchases in the travel and nursery departments.The barbeque season provides a good opportunity for retailers to generate interest and sell characteristic groups of complementary products. Some of these products are strictly seasonal the barbecues themselves and the briquettes for example. However, other products can be given additional space allocations in the seasonal aisle as part of the barbecue category. Firelighters, matches, marinades, sauces, spendable tableware and beer are products that are found around the supermarket throughout the year, but are given a boost In the barbecue season by universe merchandised as complementary goods.It is estimated that guests take an average equivalent of eight drinks when they are Invited to a barbecue, and studies (bulk packed small bottles of beer) are peculiarly popular for barbecues as they are easy to handle, women friendly, and easily chilled. Whils t the majority of barbecue beer is bulk purchased In advance from supermarkets, and then chilled down at home, convenience store retailers are often used for guests to buy drinks en route, and so providing chilled beer becomes important for this type of retail format.Allocation space to individual productHaving made a plan for the layout of departments or categories within the retail outlet, the close stage is to advert a finis about exactly how individual product lines should be displayed within the outlet, whether the product is going to sit on a fixture, or be represented by a photograph within a page spread. different approaches to space allocation are discussed, for example by using sales or profits as a guideline, some practical challenges arc considered, and the kind between category management and space allocation is explored in this section.Allocating space on the basis of saleThe guiding principle here is the more a product sells, the more space it should be given. Retaining a high stock service level will depend on retailers ensuring that they devote enough space to a high demand product, such as milk, to pr sluicet replenishment of that item becoming inefficient and inconvenient to the customer. A speedy selling item however may not be one that a retailer take outs much profit on (again milk is a good example), and so they may decide to allocate more space to their profitable lines. In taking this approach, however, the retailer is likely to encounter the problem of not devoting enough space to fast moving lines, so a balance has to be straind. Another decision that has to be made is which sales figure should he used for the allocation exercise, Alternatives are historical sales figures (for that outlet) market share figures or projected sales figures.Store A is a branch of clothing retailer XYZ in a medium sizingd townsfolk centre. Ten miles away there Is a regional shopping centre where branch B Is located and twelve miles In the oppos ite direction, branch store C Is located In the heart of a city centre shopping complex. The policy of retailer XYZ is to offer a returns policy In all of its stores for products bought in any outlet nationwide (including those purchased from its web site). Shoppers from the town where store A is located, often take shopping trips to the neighbor centres, where B and C are located, especially if they are wanting to make a major purchase such as a coat or a suit, and require a wide choice of retail stores to select from. Unfortunately for store A, any unwanted products usually end up cosmos returned to the customers topical anaesthetic store. This has the effect of distorting the sales figures for store A, upon which space allocation decisions are made. Unfortunately, the retailers information system does not recognize the exit between a returned fit from the rakeal store and one returned from a different outlet. In order to counteract this problem, which can be kinda widespre ad, a retailer would need to allocate space on the basis of estimated sales rather than historical sales.Space elasticityAllocating space according to a measure of sales assumes that there a relationship between the amount of space and the rate of sales, this relationship is termed the space elasticity of a product and it refers to the extent to which the sales of a product will change in answer to a changed. In the amount of space allocated to that product Re attend suggests that space elasticity not uniform amongst products, or across stores or departmental locations.Using profit measures as a basis for space allocation ill prevent a business manager from allocating large amounts of best step retail space to unprofitable products. They could mean, however, that a retailer was allocating unnecessarily large amounts of space to products that would sell as well with a small space. Profitable lines may not in fact sell very quickly at all, and allocating extra facings or shelves o f the product may have very little impact on the sales of the product. In this case the quality of the space becomes important, so the retailer can locate high profit items in locations around the stare that arc better selling. The relationship between the sales and generated by different products, and suggests how space and ranging decisions should be made accordingly. Allocating space according to sales, and in particular, product profitability, is on the job(p) with the interests of the retailer, and not the customer in mind and therefore may suggest an illogical and presentation of products. Long term profitability depends on customer loyalty, which is dependent (among many a(prenominal) other things) upon being satisfied with the presentation and assortment of products. Fine tuning the allocation of space within a retail outlet therefore requires all-encompassing amounts of high quality data, together with a pragmatic and customer orientated managerial approach at store leve l.Productivity and efficiency and towards are visual display improvements. Once an optimum level of efficiency is achieved, space planners can move onto the objective of making their products and fixtures more attractive(a) than their competitors. Some of the latest planning systems are able to simulate the entire store environment, so that the product manager can view an attractive plan in virtual earthly concern and make any adjustments they fed are necessary. Recent space optimization technology applications offer the opportunity to create specific platform.Space Allocation and fellowship ManagementAlthough the performance of individual product lines is Important to retailers in terms of the rate of sales which influences availability and the levels of office to perturbation and profitability, the focus of performance In many retail organizations is at product category, rather than individual SKU level. A retailer is more implicated in general levels of sales and profits g enerated by their product range, rather than the sales of a single line that might be of interest to its manufacturer. The product category has emerged as a manageable compartmentalization for most cheeks of product management, and certainly applies in the case of space management. In fact, many would argue that space planning and allocation and the systems that drive the process can only be properly implemented in tandem with a category management approach.Category management seeks to optimize the depth and variety of a product assortment within a specified amount of retail space and to generate maximum profitability by seeking efficiency in the operations that support the depth and variety. This includes replenishing to guarantee availability and adding mod products and running promotions to generate customer interest and increase short term sales of particular products, without harming the overall profitability of the category. Space allocation systems allow (Inc tuning of a c ategory assortment, provide the means by which product and category performance can be monitored and analyzed. and by using the programme output the plans can he easily communicated and successfully implemented within the non-homogeneous retail out lets. In some categories key brands are dominant, in which case their presence needs to have immediate impact within the space allocation plan. Other categories are very combative, in which case low price, budget own brand and promotional products strongly on the promotional. Many businesses use the principle that shoppers will a category from bottom to top, and odd to right, and so well-known brands arc placed on middle and lower shelves on the left of the category space in order to provide strong cues to the customer. Premium products meanwhile are placed on high level shelves, selecting their high quality situation, and the fact that the customer for premium products will seek out the better quality product within the category. In some categories the customer decision-making processes are quite unique and nerd to he fully reflected within space allocation plans. For example, the decision sequence for wine is generally as followsColour Country of origin Price take - tagWhereas the decision sequence for yoghurt might beNatural or flavored type (low fat, standard or luxury) - Price Level Brand NameThese decision processes should determine how products arc displayed within the category space.In certain modes, if the product is maintained in the offer, long-term customer triumph will be well-kept In spite of the Individual poor product performance. Therefore it is the stores personality traits that determine the core product ranges, and not the size the size of the outlet determines the comprehensiveness and depth of the selling type that would appeal to the local customers, Stores are empowered with the merchandise that allows them to drive local market opportunities and local suppliers can also be involv ed in the process of providing tailored products for individual store needs, As retailers offer more formats from which customers may choose to shop, format preferences and product preferences can be matched, For example, Tesco found that its online shoppers tended to from more affluent backgrounds, and so the on-line product offer is tailored accordingly, with a large range of wines and fewer value lines,For many small retailers the cost of a computerized space planning is prohibitive, and so many rely on basic sales and profit margin analysis combined with exam and error in space allocation decision making.1.3 SummaryA great deal of space selling is carried out in order to achieve relatively short retail objectives, such as maximizing the benefits of a product or departmental promotion, meeting seasonal sales figures, or change branch profitability. However, the long term strategic objectives of the retailer provide the framework within which these decisions are taken. Space al locations must be in line with the overall positioning strategy of the retailer the variety and depth of assortment and the stock availability service level should not be compromised by the need for short-term productivity gains. In addition, the arrangement of products around the store needs to be considered in the light of the contribution that product items, brands and categories make to the positioning statement, it may be necessary to over-represent unfermented products or to allocate extra space to growing or seasonal categories in order to reward an innovative product positioning strategy. The local customer profile may also lead to exceptional space allocations in an effort to meet individuals requirements more closely. However, the retailers space is the extent of its empire, and every(prenominal) inch of that space must be used to its maximum effect even if, as we shall see in the next two chapters, some space is designed to he devoid of products. The measurement of tha t effect, however, must be appropriate in terms of the overall aims for that space.Chapter 2 constitutions ReviewSpace SellingSpace selling refers to space available for advertising in different media. The advertising media available are print, electronic outdoor. The space available and intend for advertising in different media. Decision about how much space to devote to each product line and its location plays an important role in the pursuit of merchandising success. The aim of this thesis is to have an insight into this process. First will have to understand that the services of every publication/channel, costs of space selling. The ads have in it. And a space seller to sell that advertising space/time to potential advertisers.2.1 UCPL acquires marketing and space-selling rights for Lemon TV and Jhankar TVK Sera Seras late launched free-to-air channels music channel Lemon TV, and Hindi movie channel Jhankar TV have ap meridianed Universal communicating Pvt. Ltd (UCPL) for their marketing and space-selling rights. UCPL is a role player in the space of airtime selling and marketing of serials, television programmes and feature films for various television networks in India. Jhankar TV will particularly target the Hindi disquisition earreach. This is a channel that would reach to the audience of cable and satellite in UP, Bihar, MP and Rajasthan. On the other hand, for Lemon TV, they are planning to have different kinds of event and programmes like Lemon party. This will bring in more interactivity too with the relevant TG. When asked about the marketing challenges for these new channels, Every new channel in India right now faces the challenges of clutter and telling the advertiser what difference does this channel bring to the table, and what is the value addition. These channels are also in the same situation and we are confident about overcoming these challenges. UCPL is associated with media and advertising agencies like Mindshare, Mediaedgecia, Madison, McCann Erickson, Lintas, etc., and with clients like Hindustan Unilever, Procter Gamble, and Godrej, among others. As a company, UCPL has now diversified into mature events and brand promotions, striving to create and mange innovative concepts, thus offering their client complete 360-degree solutions.2.2 Using the communicateging concept to sell wikisIf a person understands what a blog is, the wiki may be compared and contrasted to a blog. A blog enables a single person to get a message out. A wiki enables a group of persons to frame a body of acquaintance. A wiki can be presented as a blog with one major post (the purpose, topic, idea of the wiki) that others can build knowledge around, without the initiating post getting conceal in archives as new posts arrive and are displayed in reverse chronological order.A wiki may be sold as a horizontal blog platform. Blogs are vertical, recent updates on top, all others shoved down into oblivion, with only tags, categorical sidebar listings, or site search to dredge them up again. exclusively a wiki distributes all the information in a more horizontal, flat, single surface that stretches through pages spread out, not sedimented. The wiki may be sold as a web site set up for idea construction it is team-architected rather than single-authored. Blogs tend to be univocal and recognizable one known person expounding a position, with audience members invited to comment on the sermonizing, but not really authorized to begin their own topic threads. Wikis are multimodal and transiently anonymous, many unknown people working together. A wiki, thus is like a super-democratized blog. A blog where the walls between bloggers are audience is dissolved. The audience members become the lend authors and the originating authors become the audience, and vice versa.2.3 Modern Trends in Working StylesAnother interesting way of presenting wikis has to do with the fact that they allow for easy remote working. One of the m ain advantages a wiki provides is the fact that it is available from any internet-connected web browser, at any time. Information can be worked on expeditiously in an asynchronous manner. In this regard, wikis solve tricky coordination problems.Whats more, a wiki provides a virtual space where all relevant business information can be stored. Hence people working from different places, at different times of the day can still end up with a coherent document. A wiki is more efficient than e-mail for the resulting document can almost be exploited immediately and its last version is always on top (which is quite useful when working with more then one person).2.4 The Advantages of Asynchronous CommunicationWiki content growth and increasing value in an organization by facilitating asynchronous communication which is often more convenient than other forms of collaboration that require face time or same time. On the other extreme, making large batches of content (Power Point, White Papers) are inefficient simply because they require the author to provide context and content, some of which may be error laden or out-of-date. Wikis allow smaller batches of contribution to appear at any time, thus relieving two bottlenecks to collaboration. Add to this the fact that they are completely auditable for contribution, and the need for creating credit at the same time is removed.2.5 ROI on social software product programBeing able to make a business case will be very important to all commute for every enterprises and after than to make a start on adopting social software. Charlene Li has a contribution about ROI on blogging. But Return on investment has to be figure for all sorts of social software.Then again, ROI is becoming increasingly irrelevant when online collaboration tools and social media platforms are available for free, or at extremely low cost. Many companies find they can get along just fine with the free versions of blogs (lBlogger), podcasting (Odeo), video u ploading and player embeds (YouTube), and wikis (Socialtext).ROT (return on time) is the removed more challenging aspect of social software. It takes a significant investment in time to become known in the blogosphere, for example. Bloggers must spend large amounts of time in researching topics, writing posts, linking to other Blogs, interacting with comment posters, reading other Blogs, posting comments at other Blogs, producing multimedia content, emailing other bloggers, and adding features and functionalities to a blog. All this in addition to remaining conscious about ones industry or field of study.Warning top management about falling behind in competitive technology should be qualified to begin a case for online collaboration tools. Explaining that the trends are massively aligned, user-generated content, customer co-creation of product, corporate contributions to innovation, and universal content utopia, advocates of social software and user media can point to great exampl es of Peer Pioneers companies leading the way PG, IBM/Linux, Second Life, Digg, Jigsaw, YouTube, and InnoCentive.2.6 Successful Strategies for Selling Ad Space on Low-Traffic WebsitesUpon first mentation about it, the idea of selling advertising on a website or blog with limited traffic seems a bit daft. After all, arent most advertisers interested in putting their product in front of the highest number of eyeballs possible? Approaching them with piddly visitor numbers seems like a surefire way to end up in the deleted folder.But though it may feel like putting the cart onwards the horse, there are many good reasons and ways to sell ad space on low-traffic websites. What you need to always keep in mind is that, while advertisers are drawn to high traffic numbers, they desire something else even more high variation rates. There are plenty of success stories of websites that have limited traffic but sell a ton of advertising. These websites watch because they do one thing well the y deliver the right type of customer to the right type of business.Space selling concept* Take a close look at your website Whether they sell landscape or skyscraper ads, text ads, video or any other format, they have to offer something of value before you can start to sell advertising space. They know this sound obvious, but it always surprises them how many publishers and online media owners come up with a niche product that nothing wants to buy advertising space in If they are going to make a fortune in selling subscriptions or other membership relate offerings, then fine but in most cases, forget about their hobby or leisure interest, unless it is unique and offers a great angle. Do make sure their product is going to be attractive to a large enough audience before they attempt to sell advertising and if they have a fair bit of competition, make sure that they have some unique selling points and formats. As they move into Web 2.0 the requirements from a lot of advertisers w ill change. If they can offer a new format or idea and take the hard work out of it for the advertiser, they are onto a winner. If they dont, theyll lose out to their rivals.* Choosing ad formats that will sell non all ad formats sell well on ALL websites. Put another way, some ads work better on consumer websites than they do on business sites and visa versa. The trick is to test their ads with different messages, fonts, colours and designs. This research will be well worth it in the end and can make the difference between making a decent revenue stream and making a substantial one. One of the biggest things to bear in mind is where the advertising should be placed. If they sell products on their site, there is very little point displaying adverts, which could detract potential customers away from their own sales message. So, the first thing they need to do is highlight the sections and pages where they are happy to accept advertising. When they have done that, they can then tak e a look at design and placement. Always count on of the customer when you think about designs, placements and tracking. Make it simple for advertisers to find and relate to the formats, as they will have to justify the ad spend to their bosses.* Reporting and statistics This is a vital part of their business Remember, communication is the key to long-term success. If they dont have a good reporting and stats package in place, then they will find it difficult to show their customers what they are/could be getting from their services. This can take a bit of time to set up, but it really is worth the time and money they put into it. Once in place, it can be automated to match their business model and to provide an essential package for their existing and potential customers. Remember out of sight, out of mind leave it to their competitors to make this mistake* What are their competitors doing well? Even if they are offering a good service, they bet there is something they can lear n from their competition. Some media companies do have the luxury of having someone wAnalysing Existing Trends of Space SellingAnalysing Existing Trends of Space SellingAbstractIf an ad is created and placed in the media, the costs of creation and time or space in the media must be paid for. This is a major area in which advertising departs from public relations. Advertising doesnt have that problem. If time or space is bought in the media, the ads (as long as they follow the guidelines set down for good taste, legal products and services, etc.) will appear. The drawback is that ads are clearly designed to extol the virtues of products and companies, and any ad is perceived by consumers as at least partly puffery. There are two basic ways to sell anything personally and non-personally. Personal selling requires the seller and the buyer to get together. There are advantages and disadvantages to this. The first advantage is time the seller has time to discuss in detail everything abou t the product. The buyer has time to ask questions, get answers, and examine evidence for or against purchase. A second advantage of personal selling is that the seller can see them. Finally, the seller can easily locate potential buyers. If they enter a store, they probably have an interest in something that store sells. Street vendors and door-to-door sellers can simply shout at possibilities, like the Hyde Park vendors who call out. From there on they fit their message to the individual customer, taking all the time a customer is willing to give them. From the above, it appears that personal selling is much better than advertising, which is non-personal. This is true. Advertising has none of the advantages of personal selling there is very little time in which to present the sales message, there is no way to know just who the customer is or how she is responding to the message, the message cannot be changed in mid-course to suit the customers reactions.Products, services or ideas are the things that advertisers want consumers to buy (in the case of ideas, buy means accept or agree with as well as lay out hard, cold cash). However, there is more involved in products or services than simply items for purchase.A product is not merely its function. It is actually a bundle of values, what the product means to the consumer. That bundle may contain the products function, but also the social, psychological, economic or whatever other values are important to the consumer.Chapter 1 IntroductionIn an era when physical tail space is still at a premium, constrained by planning restrictions and rising costs, productive use of space is a key indicator of buying and merchandising success, and high space productivity depends on offering the right range, in a logical layout, with products available and easy for the customer to find. Decisions about how much space to devote to each product line and its location in the store play an important role in the pursuit of merchandisi ng success. The aim of this chapter is to provide an insight into this process.1.1 Space selling managementSpace selling constraint applies to all retailers, but in non-store retailing the constraints are different. A mail order retailer, for example, has page space and the number of pages in a publication as constraining factors, whilst a TV shopping channel needs to break down the airtime to different products. However, internet retailing offers great opportunities for adding space without much additional resource input. The main constraint on the amount of space used in a virtual outlet is the customers attention span. In spite of this additional freedom, the objectives of space allocation are essentially the same no matter which retail format is used.The management of retail space is concerned with a number of key objectives. The first is to optimize both short-term and long term returns on the investment cost of retail pace. The second is to provide a logical, convenient and in spiring interface between the product range and the customer. This can be particularly important in a large store, where customers can quite easily become overwhelmed and lost. Another objective is to make sure that the right selection of products is available that products fit into the retail space and that stock-outs are avoided. Choice for the customer is maximized when the best selection for them is put into the available space. Space allocation aim has an important role to play in communicating the retail brand, When ice is managed centrally it helps a chain of retail outlets to achieve visual consistency, so that customers arc reassured by the similarity of the store layout and shelf appearance.1.2 The Space Management ProcessA retailer goes through a number of stages when allocating space to products. These four stages will they used as a framework for the Inclusion of discussion topics within this chapter.Measuring Space SellingAlthough space in a store outlet is three dimen sional, retail space is often measured in square, rather than cubic units, Square units arc appropriate where, for example in fashion retailing, a variety of single tier fixtures stand on the shop Iloor (see FigureS. I). Many fixtures, however, arc multilevel and so more appropriate ways of measuring space to allocate might be on the basis of linear or cubic footage (see Figures 8.2 and 8.3). Measurements of space that are more specific to individual retailers might be useful, such as the number of pages to be published in a catalogue or the total number of fixtures available in an outlet.Space ProductivityThe two principal measures of retail success arc sales and profits. Sales volume and profitability can also he measured in relation to the amount of space used to generate those levels of sales and profits. This can then be compared with the level of financial investment in that space. The resulting measures express the productivity of retail space. Sales (or profits) per square m eter is a commonly used measure of retail space productivity, which is an important concept in the evaluation of retail product management performance.Dividing the space into selling areasAt this stage, space management is concerned with allocating space to different product areas, defined according to individual retail businesses, but usually on the basis of product (department or category. The amount of space will he determined to a greater extent on previous performance indicators, typically sales values. However, sonic products, because of their physical characteristics may need disproportionate amounts of space in relation to sales. In a department store, home furnishings may need a relatively large amount of space to generate a good level of sales because the products are bulky, a large variety of merchandise is needed for customers to choose from and a lot of display space is needed to do the product justice. On the other hand, jewellery is a high value product category that needs relatively small amounts of space for display and selling purposes. The stage a product category is at in its life cycle is likely to influence the space allocation at this level. If a category is growing, then more space should be allocated, whereas a declining category needs to have its space rationalizes.Measuring selling space using square metresUsing linear measurement for space sellingUsing cubic measurement for space sellingTypical hotspots In a Space sellingParticularly evident in department stores, where specialist products such as furniture and home entertainment, as well as hairdressing salons and customer service departments located on basement or upper floors, Customer flow can also be encouraged by locating high demand items throughout the store layout, with plenty of impulse items located in between. Retailers need to find a balance between maximizing sales of high demand products, generating flow around slower selling products (which may have higher profit marg ins), and providing logic and convenience in the layout for the customer,Product adjacenciesA logical route through the different product categories or departments is part of a customer focused offer, and can encourage linked sales. For example, in a baby equipment retailer like Mother cares it makes sense for merchandise to be grouped into themes for space planning purposes. These product themes are then presented in a logical way to the customer as they move through the store. Products for immediate needs, such as feeding and general baby care come first, followed by bath time and clothes and then on to the more expensive, one purchases in the travel and nursery departments.The barbecue season provides a good opportunity for retailers to generate interest and sell distinctive groups of complementary products. Some of these products are strictly seasonal the barbecues themselves and the briquettes for example. However, other products can be given additional space allocations in the seasonal aisle as part of the barbecue category. Firelighters, matches, marinades, sauces, disposable tableware and beer are products that are found around the supermarket throughout the year, but are given a boost In the barbecue season by being merchandised as complementary goods.It is estimated that guests take an average equivalent of eight drinks when they are Invited to a barbecue, and studies (bulk packed small bottles of beer) are particularly popular for barbecues as they are easy to handle, women friendly, and easily chilled. Whilst the majority of barbecue beer is bulk purchased In advance from supermarkets, and then chilled down at home, convenience store retailers are often used for guests to buy drinks en route, and so providing chilled beer becomes important for this type of retail format.Allocation space to individual productHaving made a plan for the layout of departments or categories within the retail outlet, the next stage is to make a decision about exactly how individual product lines should be displayed within the outlet, whether the product is going to sit on a fixture, or be represented by a photograph within a page spread. Various approaches to space allocation are discussed, for example by using sales or profits as a guideline, some practical challenges arc considered, and the relationship between category management and space allocation is explored in this section.Allocating space on the basis of saleThe guiding principle here is the more a product sells, the more space it should be given. Retaining a high stock service level will depend on retailers ensuring that they devote enough space to a high demand product, such as milk, to prevent replenishment of that item becoming inefficient and inconvenient to the customer. A fast selling item however may not be one that a retailer makes much profit on (again milk is a good example), and so they may decide to allocate more space to their profitable lines. In taking this approach, howeve r, the retailer is likely to encounter the problem of not devoting enough space to fast moving lines, so a balance has to be achieved. Another decision that has to be made is which sales figure should he used for the allocation exercise, Alternatives are historical sales figures (for that outlet) market share figures or projected sales figures.Store A is a branch of clothing retailer XYZ in a medium sized town centre. Ten miles away there Is a regional shopping centre where branch B Is located and twelve miles In the opposite direction, branch store C Is located In the heart of a city centre shopping complex. The policy of retailer XYZ is to offer a returns policy In all of its stores for products bought in any outlet nationwide (including those purchased from its web site). Shoppers from the town where store A is located, often take shopping trips to the neighboring centres, where B and C are located, especially if they are wanting to make a major purchase such as a coat or a suit, and require a wide choice of retail stores to select from. Unfortunately for store A, any unwanted products usually end up being returned to the customers local store. This has the effect of distorting the sales figures for store A, upon which space allocation decisions are made. Unfortunately, the retailers information system does not recognize the difference between a returned garment from the original store and one returned from a different outlet. In order to counteract this problem, which can be quite widespread, a retailer would need to allocate space on the basis of estimated sales rather than historical sales.Space elasticityAllocating space according to a measure of sales assumes that there a relationship between the amount of space and the rate of sales, this relationship is termed the space elasticity of a product and it refers to the extent to which the sales of a product will change in response to a changed. In the amount of space allocated to that product Research sug gests that space elasticity not uniform amongst products, or across stores or departmental locations.Using profit measures as a basis for space allocation ill prevent a business manager from allocating large amounts of best quality retail space to unprofitable products. They could mean, however, that a retailer was allocating unnecessarily large amounts of space to products that would sell as well with a smaller space. Profitable lines may not in fact sell very quickly at all, and allocating extra facings or shelves of the product may have very little impact on the sales of the product. In this case the quality of the space becomes important, so the retailer can locate high profit items in locations around the stare that arc better selling. The relationship between the sales and generated by different products, and suggests how space and ranging decisions should be made accordingly. Allocating space according to sales, and in particular, product profitability, is working with the in terests of the retailer, and not the customer in mind and therefore may suggest an illogical and presentation of products. Long term profitability depends on customer loyalty, which is dependent (among many other things) upon being satisfied with the presentation and assortment of products. Fine tuning the allocation of space within a retail outlet therefore requires extensive amounts of high quality data, together with a pragmatic and customer orientated managerial approach at store level.Productivity and efficiency and towards are visual display improvements. Once an optimum level of efficiency is achieved, space planners can move onto the objective of making their products and fixtures more attractive than their competitors. Some of the latest planning systems are able to simulate the entire store environment, so that the product manager can view an attractive plan in virtual reality and make any adjustments they fed are necessary. Recent space optimization technology application s offer the opportunity to create specific platform.Space Allocation and Category ManagementAlthough the performance of individual product lines is Important to retailers in terms of the rate of sales which influences availability and the levels of contribution to turnover and profitability, the focus of performance In many retail organizations is at product category, rather than individual SKU level. A retailer is more interested in overall levels of sales and profits generated by their product range, rather than the sales of a single line that might be of interest to its manufacturer. The product category has emerged as a manageable classification for most aspects of product management, and certainly applies in the case of space management. In fact, many would argue that space planning and allocation and the systems that drive the process can only be properly implemented in tandem with a category management approach.Category management seeks to optimize the depth and variety of a product assortment within a specified amount of retail space and to generate maximum profitability by seeking efficiency in the operations that support the depth and variety. This includes replenishing to guarantee availability and adding new products and running promotions to generate customer interest and increase short term sales of particular products, without harming the overall profitability of the category. Space allocation systems allow (Inc tuning of a category assortment, provide the means by which product and category performance can be monitored and analyzed. and by using the programme output the plans can he easily communicated and successfully implemented within the various retail out lets. In some categories key brands are dominant, in which case their presence needs to have immediate impact within the space allocation plan. Other categories are very competitive, in which case low price, budget own brand and promotional products strongly on the promotional. Many busin esses use the principle that shoppers will a category from bottom to top, and left to right, and so well-known brands arc placed on middle and lower shelves on the left of the category space in order to provide strong cues to the customer. Premium products meanwhile are placed on high level shelves, selecting their high quality positioning, and the fact that the customer for premium products will seek out the better quality product within the category. In some categories the customer decision-making processes are quite unique and nerd to he fully reflected within space allocation plans. For example, the decision sequence for wine is generally as followsColour Country of origin Price Level - BrandWhereas the decision sequence for yoghurt might beNatural or flavored type (low fat, standard or luxury) - Price Level Brand NameThese decision processes should determine how products arc displayed within the category space.In certain modes, if the product is maintained in the offer, lon g-term customer satisfaction will be retained In spite of the Individual poor product performance. Therefore it is the stores personality traits that determine the core product ranges, and not the size the size of the outlet determines the width and depth of the selling type that would appeal to the local customers, Stores are empowered with the merchandise that allows them to drive local market opportunities and local suppliers can also be involved in the process of providing tailored products for individual store needs, As retailers offer more formats from which customers may choose to shop, format preferences and product preferences can be matched, For example, Tesco found that its online shoppers tended to from more affluent backgrounds, and so the on-line product offer is tailored accordingly, with a large range of wines and few value lines,For many small retailers the cost of a computerized space planning is prohibitive, and so many rely on basic sales and profit margin analys is combined with trial and error in space allocation decision making.1.3 SummaryA great deal of space selling is carried out in order to achieve relatively short-term retail objectives, such as maximizing the benefits of a product or departmental promotion, meeting seasonal sales figures, or improving branch profitability. However, the long term strategic objectives of the retailer provide the framework within which these decisions are taken. Space allocations must be in line with the overall positioning strategy of the retailer the variety and depth of assortment and the stock availability service level should not be compromised by the need for short-term productivity gains. In addition, the arrangement of products around the store needs to be considered in the light of the contribution that product items, brands and categories make to the positioning statement, it may be necessary to over-represent new products or to allocate extra space to growing or seasonal categories in order to reinforce an innovative product positioning strategy. The local customer profile may also lead to exceptional space allocations in an effort to meet individuals requirements more closely. However, the retailers space is the extent of its empire, and every inch of that space must be used to its maximum effect even if, as we shall see in the next two chapters, some space is designed to he devoid of products. The measurement of that effect, however, must be appropriate in terms of the overall aims for that space.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewSpace SellingSpace selling refers to space available for advertising in different media. The advertising media available are print, electronic outdoor. The space available and intend for advertising in different media. Decision about how much space to devote to each product line and its location plays an important role in the pursuit of merchandising success. The aim of this thesis is to have an insight into this process. First will have to unders tand that the services of every publication/channel, costs of space selling. The ads featured in it. And a space seller to sell that advertising space/time to potential advertisers.2.1 UCPL acquires marketing and space-selling rights for Lemon TV and Jhankar TVK Sera Seras recently launched free-to-air channels music channel Lemon TV, and Hindi movie channel Jhankar TV have appointed Universal Communication Pvt. Ltd (UCPL) for their marketing and space-selling rights. UCPL is a player in the space of airtime selling and marketing of serials, television programmes and feature films for various television networks in India. Jhankar TV will particularly target the Hindi speaking audience. This is a channel that would reach to the audience of cable and satellite in UP, Bihar, MP and Rajasthan. On the other hand, for Lemon TV, they are planning to have different kinds of event and programmes like Lemon party. This will bring in more interactivity too with the relevant TG. When asked ab out the marketing challenges for these new channels, Every new channel in India right now faces the challenges of clutter and telling the advertiser what difference does this channel bring to the table, and what is the value addition. These channels are also in the same situation and we are confident about overcoming these challenges. UCPL is associated with media and advertising agencies like Mindshare, Mediaedgecia, Madison, McCann Erickson, Lintas, etc., and with clients like Hindustan Unilever, Procter Gamble, and Godrej, among others. As a company, UCPL has now diversified into full-fledged events and brand promotions, striving to create and mange innovative concepts, thus offering their client complete 360-degree solutions.2.2 Using the blogging concept to sell wikisIf a person understands what a blog is, the wiki may be compared and contrasted to a blog. A blog enables a single person to get a message out. A wiki enables a group of persons to assemble a body of knowledge. A wiki can be presented as a blog with one major post (the purpose, topic, idea of the wiki) that others can build knowledge around, without the initiating post getting buried in archives as new posts arrive and are displayed in reverse chronological order.A wiki may be sold as a horizontal blog platform. Blogs are vertical, recent updates on top, all others shoved down into oblivion, with only tags, categorical sidebar listings, or site search to dredge them up again. But a wiki distributes all the information in a more horizontal, flat, single surface that stretches through pages spread out, not sedimented. The wiki may be sold as a web site set up for idea construction it is team-architected rather than single-authored. Blogs tend to be univocal and identifiable one known person expounding a position, with audience members invited to comment on the sermonizing, but not really authorized to begin their own topic threads. Wikis are multimodal and transiently anonymous, many unknown p eople working together. A wiki, thus is like a super-democratized blog. A blog where the walls between bloggers are audience is dissolved. The audience members become the contributing authors and the originating authors become the audience, and vice versa.2.3 Modern Trends in Working StylesAnother interesting way of presenting wikis has to do with the fact that they allow for easy remote working. One of the main advantages a wiki provides is the fact that it is available from any internet-connected web browser, at any time. Information can be worked on efficiently in an asynchronous manner. In this regard, wikis solve tricky coordination problems.Whats more, a wiki provides a virtual space where all relevant business information can be stored. Hence people working from different places, at different times of the day can still end up with a coherent document. A wiki is more efficient than e-mail for the resulting document can almost be exploited immediately and its last version is al ways on top (which is quite useful when working with more then one person).2.4 The Advantages of Asynchronous CommunicationWiki content growth and increasing value in an organization by facilitating asynchronous communication which is often more convenient than other forms of collaboration that require face time or same time. On the other extreme, making large batches of content (Power Point, White Papers) are inefficient simply because they require the author to provide context and content, some of which may be error laden or out-of-date. Wikis allow smaller batches of contribution to appear at any time, thus relieving two bottlenecks to collaboration. Add to this the fact that they are completely auditable for contribution, and the need for creating credit concurrently is removed.2.5 ROI on social softwareBeing able to make a business case will be very important to all convince for every enterprises and after than to make a start on adopting social software. Charlene Li has a cont ribution about ROI on blogging. But Return on investment has to be calculated for all sorts of social software.Then again, ROI is becoming increasingly irrelevant when online collaboration tools and social media platforms are available for free, or at extremely low cost. Many companies find they can get along just fine with the free versions of blogs (lBlogger), podcasting (Odeo), video uploading and player embeds (YouTube), and wikis (Socialtext).ROT (return on time) is the far more challenging aspect of social software. It takes a significant investment in time to become known in the blogosphere, for example. Bloggers must spend large amounts of time in researching topics, writing posts, linking to other Blogs, interacting with comment posters, reading other Blogs, posting comments at other Blogs, producing multimedia content, emailing other bloggers, and adding features and functionalities to a blog. All this in addition to remaining informed about ones industry or field of study .Warning top management about falling behind in competitive technology should be sufficient to begin a case for online collaboration tools. Explaining that the trends are massively aligned, user-generated content, customer co-creation of product, corporate contributions to innovation, and universal content utopia, advocates of social software and user media can point to great examples of Peer Pioneers companies leading the way PG, IBM/Linux, Second Life, Digg, Jigsaw, YouTube, and InnoCentive.2.6 Successful Strategies for Selling Ad Space on Low-Traffic WebsitesUpon first thinking about it, the idea of selling advertising on a website or blog with limited traffic seems a bit daft. After all, arent most advertisers interested in putting their product in front of the highest number of eyeballs possible? Approaching them with piddly visitor numbers seems like a surefire way to end up in the deleted folder.But though it may feel like putting the cart before the horse, there are many goo d reasons and ways to sell ad space on low-traffic websites. What you need to always keep in mind is that, while advertisers are drawn to high traffic numbers, they desire something else even more high conversion rates. There are plenty of success stories of websites that have limited traffic but sell a ton of advertising. These websites succeed because they do one thing well they deliver the right type of customer to the right type of business.Space selling concept* Take a close look at your website Whether they sell landscape or skyscraper ads, text ads, video or any other format, they have to offer something of value before you can start to sell advertising space. They know this sound obvious, but it always surprises them how many publishers and online media owners come up with a niche product that nobody wants to buy advertising space in If they are going to make a fortune in selling subscriptions or other membership related offerings, then fine but in most cases, forget about their hobby or leisure interest, unless it is unique and offers a great angle. Do make sure their product is going to be attractive to a large enough audience before they attempt to sell advertising and if they have a fair bit of competition, make sure that they have some unique selling points and formats. As they move into Web 2.0 the requirements from a lot of advertisers will change. If they can offer a new format or idea and take the hard work out of it for the advertiser, they are onto a winner. If they dont, theyll lose out to their rivals.* Choosing ad formats that will sell Not all ad formats sell well on ALL websites. Put another way, some ads work better on consumer websites than they do on business sites and visa versa. The trick is to test their ads with different messages, fonts, colours and designs. This research will be well worth it in the end and can make the difference between making a decent revenue stream and making a substantial one. One of the biggest thing s to bear in mind is where the advertising should be placed. If they sell products on their site, there is very little point displaying adverts, which could detract potential customers away from their own sales message. So, the first thing they need to do is highlight the sections and pages where they are happy to accept advertising. When they have done that, they can then take a look at design and placement. Always think of the customer when you think about designs, placements and tracking. Make it simple for advertisers to find and relate to the formats, as they will have to justify the ad spend to their bosses.* Reporting and statistics This is a vital part of their business Remember, communication is the key to long-term success. If they dont have a good reporting and stats package in place, then they will find it difficult to show their customers what they are/could be getting from their services. This can take a bit of time to set up, but it really is worth the time and money they put into it. Once in place, it can be automated to match their business model and to provide an essential package for their existing and potential customers. Remember out of sight, out of mind leave it to their competitors to make this mistake* What are their competitors doing well? Even if they are offering a good service, they bet there is something they can learn from their competition. Some media companies do have the luxury of having someone w