Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Use of Symbols in Susan Glaspells Play Trifles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1062 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Trifles Essay Did you like this example? In this beautiful piece of theatrical play, Trifles, written by Susan Glaspell in 1916, it is about a woman, Minnie Foster Wright who is accused of killing her husband, John Wright. This story is about a real-life tragedy, which Glaspell covered as a reporter while working for the Des Moines Daily News. A symbol is seen as a literary device which representing something much bigger and often is hidden at first glance so that the reader has to look and understand. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Use of Symbols in Susan Glaspells Play Trifles" essay for you Create order When a writer uses symbol they are able to express more than one actions or objects using the same symbol. In trifles, Glaspell uses symbols such as the canary, the dead canary and the quilt to emphasize the meaning of this beautiful piece. Although based on a real-life murder, however, Susan Glaspell focus on the many symbols found in the play to create more depth: each of the symbols represents some hidden meaning and the symbols also create an important aspect which makes the reader reads between the life to fully understand the play. The little bird in the story is a symbolic representation of Minnie Fosters life before becoming Mrs. Wright, as Mrs. Hale stated; She used to wear pretty clothes and be lively† when she was Minnie Foster, one of the town girls, singing in the choir. But that† oh, that was twenty years ago (Glaspell 544). This quote in the play helps the audience to understand how happy she once was before marrying Mr. Wright. If one was to break this quote, one would have come to an understanding that: the pretty clothes could refer to the bird pretty feathers, lively is something or person that is full of life, in this case, she is lively as a chipper bird, she used to sing in the choir just as a songbird all of that is proof that the bird is a representation of her life before. Mrs. Wright. Mrs. Hale added, She†come to think of it, she was kind of like a bird herself. Real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and†fluttery. How† she†did†change (Glaspell 549), there is no other way to say in fact that the bird does represent Minnie Foster: she was sweet, a fluttery young woman who turned into a lonely depressed Mrs. Wright after years of emotional abuse and neglect by her husband. When the bird died, it symbolizes the death of who she was once before she married Mr. Wrigh t. Another major symbol in the story is the quilt, Minnies quilt symbolizes her messy home life and her unhappiness. When she started sewing the quilt her stitches were precise, but as she continued they were all over the place as if she didnt know what she was doing stated Mrs. Hale (Glaspell 553). This is a sign of how frustrated and enraged she was, the final stroke for was when he killed her canary. When the canary died so did her personality. When the sheriff asked: have you decided whether she was going to quilt it or knot it? We think, began the sheriffs wife in a flurried voice, that she was going to† knot it (Glaspell 549), by choosing to quilt it she would have chosen to live with emotional pain and neglect that John had put her through, instead by knotting the quilt she had decided to make the problem disappeared. A knot is a representation of a completed project, so knotting it means the end of John. The significance of the last symbolism is Mrs. Wright dead canary, which plays a very important in the story, as it symbolizes the missing piece of evidence that the lawmen were desperately looking for, the women had engaged in their own little trifles and find it by accident. While the ladies were at the house with the sheriff getting some of her things to take t o her in prison, they had come across a quilt which Mrs. Wright had been working on, Mrs. Hale had suggested that Mrs. Peters gather it. I wonder if her patches are in here† and her things, They turned to the sewing basket( Glaspell 549) said Mrs. Hale: Heres some red, said Mrs. Hale, bringing out a roll of cloth. Underneath that was a box. Here, maybe her scissors are in here† and her things (Glaspell 549). Mrs. Peters opened the box and find something wrapped in a piece of silk. when opened they find the dead canary, whispered Mrs. Peter Look at it! Its neck† look at its neck! (Glaspell 549) as if the birds neck has been broken: Somebody wrung its neck. Suddenly Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters can guess what had happened, because Mrs. Peter recalls when she was a little girl how she felt when a boy killed her beloved kitten: my kitten† there was a boy took a hatchet, and before my eyes† before I could get there† She covered her face an instant. If they hadnt held me back I would have† she caught herself, looked upstairs where footsteps were heard, and finished weakly†hurt him (Glaspell 550). The death of the dead canary must have caused Minnie to go over the edge. When the lawmen had returned she ladies hide the box under the quilt piece in the basket. Theyve decided not to provide this damning evidence, instead, they have decided to protect Minnie. This move proves their solidarity against men who cannot understand the difficulties women faces in this society. In Susan Glaspell triflessymbolism plays an important role in the story as it helps the audience to comprehend the meaning of the symbols. Glaspell used a canary, a quilt, and a dead canary to symbolically explain what was going on in Mrs. Wrights mind, how she was before she married Mr. Wright. The canary symbolizes her spirit and personality how she was as a bird herself, the quilt symbolized her life and her marriage, the choices she had to make as regards to her husbands murder; and last the dead canary symbolize the missing piece of evidence which could serve motive as to why she killed her husband, and also show the solidarity of sisterhood. Glaspell used symbols to help illustrate how the emotional abuse infiltrate and neglect infiltrates on Mrs. Wright by her husband had slowly killed show she was. This story symbolizes how oppressed her life was under her husband domination.

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Learning About Medieval Life and Society from Chaucers...

Learning About Medieval Life and Society from Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales I have been studying Geoffrey Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, of which I looked specifically at six portraits, these being: the Knight, his son, a young squire, the prioress, the wife of Bath, the Miller and the Pardoner. From these portraits I was able to observe the ways of life and society in medieval times. I found out about social status, fashion, wealth, romantic love, the importance of manners and the church during this era - and these are just the topics I took particular interest in; there were many other areas of medieval life and society that Chaucers General Prologue to†¦show more content†¦From Chaucers Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, the wealth of a portrait linked them to their social status and often to the fashion of this time also; the wife of Bath is an example of this. She was a good-looking woman who had had five husbands in total, and she was very well-off due to her profession in cloth-making which Chaucer explains to be the bes t - Of clooth-making she hadde swich an haunt, She passed hem of Ypres and of Gaunt. Her social status was very high, as she was the first woman in the church to make an offering to the parish priest, but she used her status to her advantage, for if someone went before her she was out of alle charitee (she would be very angry) and would not give her offering. Her high status also linked in with the fashion of this era. She wore scarlet stockings, which is very much a status symbol because of the colour, but also, the wife of Bath wore shoes ful moiste and newe - these would have been soft leather shoes which were very expensive. The expense gone into her clothing reflects her social status and also her wealth very much so. The prioress is another portrait that resembles the link between social status and fashion, bringing wealth into the link also, due to having such a high status. The prioress is one of the group who represented the church in the fourteenth century, which was aShow MoreRelated The Tale of Youth1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tale of Youth Chaucer’s Squire’s tale has often been disregarded by critics as fragmentary, incoherent, and â€Å"a rambling narrative.† (Lawton 106) These characteristics shed a malevolent light on the tale, and raise questions on the unfinished status in the Canterbury Tales. The argument presents itself due to the interruption of the narrative by the Franklin leaving it without the ending, which has been foreshadowed earlier in the tale. The answer to this enigma is â€Å"pure speculation.† (LawtonRead More The Pardoner as Symbol in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales2609 Words   |  11 Pagesthe Pilgrims’ Unattainable Goals in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer’s work, The Canterbury Tales, paints a portrait of medieval life through the voices and stories of a wide variety of speakers. The people on the Pilgrimage tell their stories for a wide range of reasons. Each Tale is told in order to accomplish two things. The Tales provoke their audience as much as they are a kind of self-reflection. These reactions range from humor, to extreme anger, to open admirationRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2664 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their storiesRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2648 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their stories give some extraordinaryRead MoreThe Prioress vs. the Wife of Bath2297 Words   |  10 PagesIn Geoffrey Chaucers, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer narrates the accounts of several pilgrims on their way to visit the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at the Cathedral in Canterbury. Through his narratives, Chaucer presents his audience with a broad representation of life and social class interaction in both the pilgrims and the characters in their tales. Chaucer brings to light various ideas, thoughts, and commentary in regards to medieval society. The two most significant characters who provideRead MoreSub--Chaucer art of characterization as found in prologue of Canterbury by marufa sultana.2939 Words   |  12 PagesChaucer begins the Prologue with a beautiful announcement of spring. This introduction is the voice of the Poet, polished, elegant, and finished. He tells us that just as Nature has a predictable course through the se asons, so does human nature follow a seasonal pattern, which causes people to want to break out of winters confinement and go traveling in the spring. Thus the stage is set for Chaucer, who is the Narrator of this poem. Twenty-nine travelers meet at the Tabard Inn in London beforeRead MorePertelote is Much More Than a Mere Hen: How Far Do You Agree With This?1511 Words   |  7 Pagesinto portrayals of human beings. As a cock he may have came from the same batch of eggs as his hens, but as poultry it would not matter whether chauntecleer mates with his sisters. However some critics suggest the introduction of the human concept of love, allows Chaucer to make an indiscriminate joke about the behaviour of chickens and the impropriety of such behaviour among people. This suggests that the farmyard is a microcosm of society, which leaves in no doubt that Pertelote must be much moreRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesverses together, to make lines more memorable, and for humorous effect. †¢ Already American vessels had been searched, seized, and sunk. -John F. Kennedy †¢ I should like to hear him fly with the high fields/ And wake to the farm forever fled from the childless land. -Dylan Thomas, â€Å"Fern Hill† 3. allusion: A casual reference in literature to a person, place, event, or another passage of literature, often without explicit identification. Allusions can originate in mythology, biblical referencesRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 PagesA PicA Trix MiscellAny Underground Edition 2007 e.v. CONTENTS On the Picatrix I. Introduction to the Picatrix (The Aim of the Sage) of al-Majriti, Maslamati ibn Ahmad II. Summary of the Contents of the Picatrix III. Excerpt from a Lecture on Alchemy by Terence McKenna On the Moon and the Lunar Mansions IV. Extracts on the Moon V. The Mansions of the Moon: â€Å"On the Creation, Proportion and Composition of the Heavens for the Fashioning of Images† VI. The Picatrix: Lunar Mansions in Western Astrology

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Great Gatsby And Dream Downfall Essay Example For Students

Great Gatsby And Dream Downfall Essay The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, and the downfall of those who attempt to capture its illusionary goals. This is a common them central to many novels. This dream has varying significances for different people but in The Great Gatsby, for Jay, the dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get this happiness Jay must reach into the past and relive an old dream and in order to do this he must have wealth and power. Jay Gatsby, the central figure of the story, is a character who longs for the past. Surprisingly he devotes most of his adult life trying to ecapture it and, finally, dies in its pursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with the beautiful and seemingly innocent Daisy. Knowing he could not marry her because of the difference in their social status, he leaves her to accumulate his wealth to reach her economic and social standards. Once he acquires this wealth, he moves near to Daisy,  «Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay (83), » and throws extravagant parties, hoping by chance she might show up at one of them. He, himself, does not attend his parties but watches them from a distance. When his hopes dont how true he asks around casually if anyone knows her. Soon he meets Nick Carraway, a cousin of Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting,  «He wants to know†¦if you’ll invite Daisy to your house some afternoon and then let him come over (83).  » Gatsby’s personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream where all have the opportunity to get what they want. Later, as we see in the Plaza Hotel, Jay still believes that Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this as is shown when he takes the blame for Myrtle’s death.  «Was Daisy driving »  «Yes†¦but of course I’ll say I was.  » (151) He also atches and protects Daisy as she returns home. How long are you going to wait »  «All night if necessary.  » (152) Jay cannot accept that the past is gone and done with. Jay is sure that he can capture his dream with wealth and influence. He believes that he acted for a good beyond his personal interest and that should guarantee success. Nick attempts to show Jay the flaw of his dream, but Jay innocently replies to Nicks statement that the past cannot be relived by saying,  «Cant repeat the pastWhy of course you can! (116). This shows the confidence that Jay has in reviving his relationship with Daisy. For Jay, his American Dream is not material possessions, although it may seem that way. He only comes into riches so that he can fulfill his true dream, Daisy. Gatsby doesn’t rest until his dream is finally lived. However, it never comes about and he ends up paying the ultimate price for it. The idea of the American Dream still holds true in today’s time, be it wealth, love, or fame. But one thing never changes about the American Dream; everyone desires something in life, and everyone, somehow, strives to get it. A big house, nice cars, 2. 5 kids, a dog, a beautiful devoted spouse, power nd a ridiculous amount of money. That is the classical American Dream, at least for some. One could say, an outsider perhaps, that Americans strive for the insurmountable goal of perfection, live, die and do unimaginable things for it, then call the product their own personal American Dream. Is having the American Dream possible What is the American Dream There is one answer for these two questions: The American Dream is tangible perfection. In reality, even in nature, perfection does not exist. Life is a series of imperfections that can make living really great or very unpleasant. Living the American Dream is living n perfection, and that by definition is not possible, thus deflating our precious American Dream. .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 , .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 .postImageUrl , .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 , .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5:hover , .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5:visited , .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5:active { border:0!important; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5:active , .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5 .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa45569a98a9122a428c895c460951f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Modern Classic Texts EssayF. Scott Fitzgerald proves this fact in The Great Gatsby, through his scintillating characters and unique style. Characters in books often mirror the authors feelings towards the world around them. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald suggested the moral decline of the period in American history through the interpersonal relationships among his characters. The situations in the lives of the characters show the worthlessness of materialism, the futile quest of Myrtle and Gatsby, and how America s moral values had iminished- through the actions of Daisy, Tom, Jordan, and Gatsbys party guests. Despite his newly acquired fortune, Gatsby still cannot afford his one true wish, therefore he cannot buy everything which is important to Daisy.  ».. Their love is founded upon feelings from the past, these give it, notwithstanding Gatsbys insistence on being able to repeat the past, an inviolability. It exists in the world of money and corruption but is not of it. (Lewis 48 ) In the novel The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the uses of literary technique of symbolism to reflect what life in the 1920s was like, hrough Fitzgeralds eyes. The image of Doctor T. J. Eckleburgs eyes is used to signify an ever watchful godlike figure. Just as Wilson comes halfconsciously to identify the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg with God, so the reader gradually becomes aware of them as representing some kind of detached intellect, brooding gloomily over life in the bleak waste land surrounding it, and presiding fatalistically over the little tragedy enacted as if in sacrifice before it.  » (Miller 36) The eyes not only symbolize a godlike being but also Fitzgerald himself and his negative views of 1920s society. Fitzgeralds negative views of society are society are also portrayed through his depiction of certain guests at Gatsbys parties. The symbol of the two women dressed identically in yellow at Gatsbys party represent the values of the people of the 20s. The two women meet Jordan and Nick at Gatsbys party and are completely selfinvolved. These women are only concerned with what happens to them and the fun that they have at the parties and dont even inquire the names of Jordan and Nick who they are so openly speaking with.  «Do you come to these parties often inquired Jordan of the girl beside er. The last one was the one I met you at, answered the girl in an alert, confident voice. She turned to her companion: Wasnt it for you Lucille It was for Lucille too. I like to come, Lucille said I never care what I do, so I always have a good time.  » (Fitzgerald 47) Lucille admits that her general attitude toward life is that she does not care what she does as long as she has a good time. Her entire motivation in her life is to enjoy herself. When all she was asked was if she came to the parties often she also felt the need to inform the rest of the guests of her trivial anecdote. The reason that these women are indicative of the generation is because of their selfabsorbed characters and egotistical nature. Also, the food served at Gatsbys parties symbolize the attitudes of most people living in the 1920s. At Gatsbys parties, most of the food was just show and no one really ate it. People display Large amounts of expensive food at parties to subtly remind the guests how much money they have, which is exactly what Gatsby did and the food was wasted. This incredible wastefulness is representative of people who lived in the 20s. They were so extremely wasteful because they ssumed with all they had gone through, they deserved to be. .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 , .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 .postImageUrl , .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 , .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91:hover , .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91:visited , .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91:active { border:0!important; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91:active , .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91 .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufb10fd0d095b1fd49a50063596310b91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dickinson and Roe's nineteenth century english prose - critical essayAfter so many years of being unhappy and repressed from, among other things World War I, they thought it was okay to become carefree when indeed it was not. Through Fitzgeralds use of symbolism to describe the costumed characters of the 20s the reader can learn to constantly and conscientiously examine the people that they surround themselves with. The novel also teaches the lesson of being true to ones self and following ones own personal dream, not the one Americans are programmed to have. Fitzgerald is not only a consequential author but and effective moral adviser.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Performance Management System People Matters

Question: Discuss about thePerformance Management Systemfor People Matters. Answer: The concept of Performance Management System (PMS) needs to be presented to employees in the preparatory phase before the launch. Besides, the prelaunch presentation should be supported by offering training(Aguinis, 2013). This is in a bid to address pessimistic viewpoints and propagation of false information about the PMS that may arise due to the misunderstanding of the PMS. To achieve this, a plan becomes paramount to help create a realistic attitude of the PMS and making employees understand both the value of PMS to the organization and their own organizational development(Aguinis, 2013). Additionally, relaying the information presented by PMS document to the employees aids in the mitigation of misconception and resistance to the implementation of PMS document. For those reasons, PMS should address three key areas(Aguinis, 2013). First. The PMS should explain what performance management is and how it fits into the organization. Additionally, PMS should vividly explain the effects it will have and state what individual benefits it presents to individual workers(Aguinis, 2013). Last and not least, the PMS document should explain how the system and processes involved actually work(Aguinis, 2013). The most effective way to communicate these three areas to employees and managers is to determine the goal of the communication, identify and profile the target audience, come up with message to be delivered, choose communication channels, select relevant activities and materials to be used, establish information partnerships, implement the PMS plan and lastly carry out an evaluation and come up with mid-course corrections, in that order(Aguinis, 2013). It is important for each employee to understand his/her role in the Performance Management System in order to be able to rate their performance and own the entire system and process(Kumar, 2016). References Aguinis, H. (2013). Performance Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Kumar, N. (2016, July 5). Future of performance management system. Retrieved from People Matters: https://www.peoplematters.in/article/performance-management/future-of-performance-management-system-13614?utm_source=peoplemattersutm_medium=interstitialutm_campaign=learnings-of-the-day

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Analyzing Indirect Action In The Cherry Orchard And The Ghosts English Literature Essay Essays

Analyzing Indirect Action In The Cherry Orchard And The Ghosts English Literature Essay Essays Analyzing Indirect Action In The Cherry Orchard And The Ghosts English Literature Essay Paper Analyzing Indirect Action In The Cherry Orchard And The Ghosts English Literature Essay Paper Actions or events do non needfully hold to be physically shown to the audiences because there are assortment of ways of ratting and portraying an image or an action that becomes the footing of a drama. Indirect action, which is neer seen on phase is that excess spice added by the dramatist to arouse the complications that are indispensable to foster a secret plan. It involves action of import to the secret plan happening off-stage. The audience does non see the action go oning in forepart of their eyes but they learn about it by watching characters stressing on the of import inside informations. Indirect action helps make tenseness, suspense and besides intensifies understanding of the secret plan for the reader. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and Henrik Ibsen have both used indirect action to determine some of the most interesting scenes of the dramas The Cherry Orchard and Ghosts. In the gap act of Cherry Orchard, Anya s description of the rough status her female parent is in is an illustration of indirect action. This is apparent from Anya s statement when I arrived there were a batch of Gallic work forces with her and ladies, and an old Catholic priest with a book, and it was really uncomfortable and full of baccy fume I all of a sudden felt so regretful for mama, oh so regretful! [ 1 ]The girls nature of being cognizant and concerned is seen.Through the usage of ocular imagination the apprehension is made clear and the audience has been made to understand that Madame Ranevsky is running low on fiscal footings. Madame Ranevsky s character of being an dreamer is explored through the undermentioned lines and mama wo nt understand! We got out at a station to hold dinner, and she asks for all most expensive things and gives the servers a tip. [ 2 ]The girl s point of position is that the female parent is incognizant of the constitution being on the brink of b ankruptcy and wants to go on taking her epicurean life. The audience has been made cognizant of these cases even though it was nt acted on phase. The Cherry Orchard is the most of import symbol in the drama ; it is neer brought into the direct vision of the audience and is merely spoken approximately. The impact of the red grove on the different characters of the drama is really important in fostering the secret plan woven by Chekhov. In Act 1, Madame Ranevsky, the proprietor of the estate is reminded by Lopakhin that the estate will be auctioned in August to pay the mortgage of the estate. Lopakhin adds on by stating, but do nt you be uneasy my beloved lady ; sleep peace to the full ; there is a manner out of it. [ 3 ]It has become clear that the cherry grove is an built-in portion of Madame Ranevsky s life and it is a symbol of her young person and childhood. Chekov has expeditiously brought out the true nature of characters through their ain words, for case, when Anya says, there was person in the kitchen merely now stating that the cherry grove was sold today. Madame Ranevsky, Sold? Who to? Anya, he did nt state who to. [ 4 ]This action which was set off phase brings in forepart the consequence of the auction and reveals Madame Ranvesky s involvement in the ownership of the red grove. Lopakhin s address at the terminal of act 3, narrating the sale of red grove, is the most of import case of indirect acti on in the drama. Lopakhin: I bid nine thousand more than the mortgage and got it ; and now the cherry grove is mine! Mine! [ 5 ]Although the audience does non see the sale but is made cognizant about it merely through this indirect action around which the full drama is fused. Heavens alive merely think of it! The red grove is mine! State me that I am intoxicated: state me that I am of my caput: state me that it s all a dream! do nt express joy at me! I have bought the belongings where my male parent and gramps were slaves were they were nt even allowed into the kitchen. [ 6 ]Lopakhin shows his felicity after geting the cherry grove. Lopakhin s statement reveals the patterns of the clip when bondage was in pattern and the development of slaves that existed so. In this period of clip, a major population of helot in Russia was freed open uping a long anticipated societal alteration. Indirect action plays a critical function in this drama ; the memories of the yesteryear have resurfaced through the usage of indirect action. The characters are haunted by shades they are unable to command. The characters are invariably reminded about the memories of the yesteryear. Both captain Alving and Johanna are dead, yet both are responsible for blossoming the calamity. The relationship between different characters is vexing. In the gap act, the conversation between Mrs. Alving and Manders inside informations the relationship that existed between Mrs. Alving and captain Alving. When Oswald was born, I thought I saw a little betterment. But it did non last long. And after that I had to contend double hard-fight a despairing battle so that no 1 should cognize what kind of a adult male my kid s male parent was. [ 7 ]The battle Mrs. Alving is speaking about in the words quoted above, is the procedure which she practiced in order to white wash the repute forged by her hubby. Mrs. Alving in conversation with Manders references all past cases and reveals about all her experiences and agonies. Manders you have so had a pathetic experience. Manders. And this is the adult male you are constructing a commemoration to. [ 8 ]The commemoration which is being talked about is the orphanhood, an orphanhood which was built by Mrs. Alving to mend the harm that captain Alving had done to his repute. Subsequently on in the conversation [ from the dining room is heard the noise of a chair falling ; so Regina s voice is heard in a loud susurration: Oswald are you huffy? allow me travel! Mander s what s the affair? What is it Mrs. Alving? Ghosts. The twosome in the conservatory-over once more. ][ 9 ]The present state of affairs of off-stage action is compared to the old one where captain Alving was shown to be acquiring close to Johanna as Oswald is making now. Mrs. Alving presumes the shade of captain Alving is act uponing Oswald. Oswald I began to experience the most violent strivings in my head-mostly at the dorsum, I think. It was as if a tight set of Fe was pressing on me from my cervix upwards. [ 10 ]The hurting felt by Oswald is a consequence of his vermoulu disease which was inherited signifier his male parent and besides reveals that the wickednesss of the male parent are visited on the kids. Indirect action has helped in the patterned advance of the chief subject the past haunting the present . Regina: Mrs. Alving! Listen! They are shouting outside.Oswald: what can be the affair? Where does the blaze come from? Regina the orphanhood is on fire! [ 11 ]The combustion of the orphanhood is the most important illustration of indirect action. The orphanhood can be compared to the cherry grove which is the basis of the drama. The combustion of the orphanhood signifies that the characters can non be freed from the shade which they have to endure. Many cases of indirect action are explored in these plants of Chekhov and Ibsen. Whether it was sale of the red grove or the combustion of the orphanhood. They both are similar in demoing a alteration taking topographic point, every bit good as the patterned advance of clip. Towards the terminal of both plays the reader does recognize that what is non seen is best described through indirect action. Indirect action happens to be the most of import technique in order to come on the cardinal thoughts in both the plants.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

The Ill Mind of the Führer Adolf Hiter Professor Ramos Blog

The Ill Mind of the Fà ¼hrer Adolf Hiter Noah Rougely English 102 July 31, 2018 On Easter Sunday of April 20, 1889, a monster was born. Adolf Hiter was the son of a middle-class provincial customs officer in Braunau-am-Inn, which was then called the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A very bright young lad he was growing up to be. He was highly interested in literature about war and the cowboys Indians. Although he was very brilliant and great in school, his childhood was filled with tragedy, as he lost 4 siblings including his closest brother Edmund when he was just 10 years old. He then lost his dad when he was 14. The biggest tragedy he faced was the loss of his mother at age 18. He had a very close relationship with her and it was said that his doctor had never seen someone grieve so hard over a loved one. Some historians believe these factors may have contributed to Hitler’s aggression later in life. He became fascinated by war at an early age when he found a picture book among his father’s belongings. He had an intense passion for architecture and painting and he wanted to attend the Academy of Fine Art in Vienna, but he could never pass the art exam. The deaths of his siblings and his mom were causing him to slack off in school. He tried once again to take the exam but still failed. After a second rejection, Hitler lived on the streets in poverty and made money for food by selling his paintings until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. He joined the military and was injured a few times but he was in love with the politics and sticking up for his country so he always made it back on the battlefield. After the loss of World War 1, he started gaining power by using the countries downfalls as opportunity. He started to gain this power legitimately during the economic depression that was humiliating Germany after the loss of World War 1. The American stock market crash cause d America to call in its foreign debts and the amount that Germany owed America made their currency lose tremendous value. This caused military cut backs that crippled Germany’s army. Hitler began working as a spy for the military and providing important surveillance. His war service began to teach him the power of propaganda. â€Å"He saw how British propaganda destroyed German morale and paved the way for Germany’s surrender. In 1919, while supposedly spying on extremist political activity for the army, he actually joined a tiny group, which he swiftly renamed the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP).† (Mà ¼ller-Hill, Benno) In 1923 during his rise of power, he chose to revolt against the government because he felt it was being weak and the cause of the loss of World War 1 was because communist and Jews were spreading propaganda of peace and anti-war. He was imprisoned for a year for treason. Hitler was a very great orator and he would adju st his unique rhetorical style as he was speaking to large crowds to feel them out and find what he could use to help them bond to his own agenda. â€Å"He knew how to seek out and express the hidden feelings of his audience, hammering away at the idea of the uniqueness of the German people and stressing the way in which their destiny had been betrayed by their leaders and was now threatened by the two great evils of Communism and a Jewish world conspiracy.† (Cull) He was continuing to spread his image and grow his power. He was really starting to gain traction on persuading a whole country into following him in his racist beliefs. He was such a great speaker and he knew the right ways to convince large crowds that he had their best interests at heart. During his imprisonment, Hitler wrote a book he titled,  Mein Kampf  (â€Å"My Struggle†), where he laid out his plans for the future and his views on the world and society. He planned to become a powerful man completely legally and playing by the rules. He was good at appealing to the goals of other nationalist and right-wing parties, so the Nazi Party was able to gain most control of the German parliament. In January 1933, German conservatives voted him into the government as chancellor because the heads of the government thought that would cripple him and give them more control of him but they were wrong. When a building was burned down and the communists were blamed, Hitler had the Enabling Act passed on March 23, 1933, which gave him absolute power to make his own laws, destroying democracy in Germany and making the Nazi party the only party. Either you agreed with them or you died. â€Å"Propaganda was at the heart of Hitler’s state, whose embodiment was in the person of Hitler himself. The Nazi Party was organized according to the â€Å"leadership principle†, with every man obeying his appointed commander, and Hitler was the leader of all Germany.† (Cull) On August 2, 1934 Hindenburg died, and Hitler’s reign began. He led campaigns to commit mass genocide on anyone who opposed him, and anyone who was considered inferior to the Aryan race. â€Å"Adolf Hitler believed that Jews were a parasitic subhuman race that was allied with international communism to destroy German civilization. He personally blamed Jews for the German defeat in World War I.† (Beorn) However, in  Mein Kampf, Hitler admitted to his hatred for the Jews and he stated that he believed they were inferior and should not be allowed in Europe. Some historians would argue that this did not mean he wanted to kill them all, he just wanted to deport them out of Europe. The stance is up for interpretation but we can only go off of what actually occurred. He also held racist views against Slavs, Roma, homosexuals, socialists, unions, and religious leaders who opposed them. The pressure against these groups of people was inevitable and he closed down their businesses and even revoked their citizenship. â€Å"It is a matter of some historical debate whether Hitler initially intended to murder the Jews or simply to deport them out of Europe. Among histori ans, these viewpoints are represented by the  internationalists, who see a plan to exterminate Jews existing from the beginning, and the  functionalists, who argue that Nazi Jewish policy experienced a cumulative radicalization, which ultimately led to genocide.† (Beorn) During Hitler’s reign, there was a major focus on improving the Aryan race along with extinguishing others. Many of the Nazis were against smoking, drinking, and eating meat. Their racial purity was heavily entangled in their racial health. They conducted surveys and ran different tests and experiments to assess the causes of cancer and to eliminate it from their society. The government concentrated on public health measures for prevention of cancer and the spread of other disease among the Aryan race. â€Å"None of these policies aimed to improve the health of society as a whole; rather, they were part of a broad campaign to improve the vigor of the Aryan race.† (Hamblin) They wanted to learn how much stress, pain, and other factors the human body could handle. They wanted to eliminate people they considered unworthy of life and that would contaminate the Aryan blood. One of the evil experiments that was performed by the Nazis was the salt water experiment. Patients we re forced to only drink salt water to see how long they could live and what would happen. What they learned was that the sodium in the water would make a person pee more often than they had water because the body would be trying to get rid of all the excess salt. This caused dehydration that lead to muscle cramps and dry mouth. The heart rate would increase to compensate for the fluid loss and the blood vessels constricted to monitor proper blood pressure to vital organs. Organ failure still resulted, and eventually comas led to death in 12 days or less. Other heinous experiments include cold weather testing, human altitude testing, testing between twins, and live bone transplants with no anesthesia. Six million Jews and overall 17 million other people considered inferior to the Aryan race were killed in gas chambers and human experiments lead by Hitler’s followers. These experiments were horrific and evil, and those scientists completely lacked morality or ethics when it cam e to performing experiments on the Jews. There are people that will still claim that we learned so much from the experiments and they were worth the sacrifices. Do you think if you were Aryan and you reaped the benefits of Hitler’s views and reign, would you see him as a monster or a savior? Everyone else sees him as a monster because we are on the outside looking in, but he probably didn’t think he was doing anything wrong because he wanted to do what was best for his country. Our monsters are those different than us. Hitler was a cultural body monster. This ties him to the first thesis in Jeffrey Jerome Cohens â€Å"Monster Culture.† He was a highly decorated soldier and an aggressive representation of what he stood for. He chose to represent something greater than himself and he knew how to be the unheard voice of all his listeners. His sinister approach of using rhetoric to persuade the masses to join in on his hatred toward others was nothing less than evil art. He was a wise strong man until it was his time to stare the opposite of victory directly in the eyes. He chose to take his own life instead of facing his im minent defeat. His story left a monstrous scar on world history forever. Beorn, Waitman W. Hitler, Adolf 1889–1945.  Encyclopedia of Race and Racism, edited by Patrick L. Mason, Gale, 2nd edition, 2013.  Credo Reference, https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/galerace/hitler_adolf_1889_1945/0?institutionId=5312. Accessed 31 Jul. 2018. Cohen, Jeffrey J. â€Å"Monster Culture (Seven Theses)† Accessed 31 Jul. 2018. Cull, Nicholas J. Hitler, Adolf.  Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present, Nicholas John Cull, et al., ABC-CLIO, 1st edition, 2003.  Credo Reference, https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/abcprop/hitler_adolf/0?institutionId=5312. Accessed 31 Jul. 2018. Hamblin, Jacob D. Nazi Science.  Science in the Early Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, 1st edition, 2005.  Credo Reference, https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/abcscieth/nazi_science/0?institutionId=5312. Accessed 31 Jul. 2018. Mà ¼ller-Hill, Benno. Nazi Scientists.  Encyclopedia of the Human Genome, David N. Cooper, Wiley, 1st edition, 2003.  Credo Reference, https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/wileyhg/nazi_scientists/0?institutionId=5312. Accessed 31 Jul. 2018.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Anne Frank - The Diary of a Young Girl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anne Frank - The Diary of a Young Girl - Essay Example Anne Frank is a mundane teenager going through the happenings, events, and feelings that all teenagers go through, yet she is going through them while Amsterdam, Holland is being involved in the Holocaust. The main concept of the journal, however, is Anne keeping track of everything that she does go through while her family is in hiding. She makes notes of the changes that she is going through as a teenager, and how she believes that these changes are separating her from her family – mentally and emotionally. As aforementioned, the journal had been intended as a release for a teenager going through everyday strife, confusion, and emotions that she does not understand. Unfortunately, as the effects of the Holocaust nears Anne’s home in Holland, her journal entries become tainted by the events of the war and of the persecution of the Jews. Anne confides into her journal the worries that she has for the people that she is close to – she knows that many of them have been taken to concentration camps, and she fears for the day that her family is taken in. She becomes overly emotional when she talks about the different rights that were taken away from her, the rights that constituted her as a teenager. She was no longer allowed to ride her bike during certain times, and she had to wear a yellow star on her clothes, so that the soldiers would know if she was breaking any of the rules laid down for the Jews. Her journal entries become more disconcerted as things worsen for her family and the other families that they are in hiding with. It is clear that Anne feels their time in hiding is coming to a close. The journal ends as they are still in hiding; when the soldiers find them, Anne is unable to take her journal with her to the concentration camp. She dies soon before her release from the camp, so she was unable to add more to her journal. Aside from the fact that the story’s content was depressing and disturbing in regards to the Holocaust

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example Initially touted as a vision of the future, the message often became lost in the medium. Metropolis will be analyzed for it intention of purpose by the filmmaker and its reception as an entertainment of the day as well as the different messages both intended by its creator and as perceived by its audience. This book, while wide ranging, set the films in the backdrop of history and culture as well as box office and sales. Cook also goes about getting little know information that is not available elsewhere. He notes that Metropolis, although aimed at decrying the current state of affairs in Germany, especially the Nazi part, became one of Adolph Hitler’s favorite films. So much so that Frtiz Lang, the films director was offer the position of, â€Å"the leadership of the German film industry by the Nazi propaganda minister, Josef Goebbels,† (Cook 115) but he respectfully declined and being â€Å"Half-Jewish and a political liberal† (Cook 115) he respectfully declined and soon fled Germany for the Untied States. Cook also analyses the different version of the film that were shown in the US and the different, edit both for time and content, and the reactions each received. There are also excellent publicity posters throughout the book as well as descriptions of the cut ting-edge film processes of the time that were used in the creation of the film to amaze and interest its audience. This book also put the film into historical perspective but goes into more detail about the costs of production and the time of change from silent films to talkies and how that had affected the distribution of the film as well as the production problems it had and the expenses it incurred. Sound was becoming the investment that UFA was throwing their money into leaving silent films behind. Kopenick also discuses the genre of German Film at the time and what part Lang and other played in its development both in the area of technique

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Was Jesus Like Adam Before or After the Fall Research Paper - 1

Was Jesus Like Adam Before or After the Fall - Research Paper Example Each of the positions weighs greatly especially if one was to go by presentable evidence each side would produce. However, in the midst of this quagmire, Christians should not divorce their eyes and wisdom from the book of Ephesians 4: 21, â€Å"we should not depend not only our understanding of the work of Christ but also our understanding of the way of life expected from each of us as we seek the truth that is in Jesus†1. As a result, this research adopts a relatively divergent path from the two positions and postulates that the nature of Christ is both manifested by fallen and un-fallen nature of Adam. The un-fallen nature of Adam is characterized by sinless and un-separatedness from God, which Christ has. On the other hand, fallen nature of Adam is characterized by physical strength, mental power, and moral worth, which again Christ can be associated with2. Nature of Adam before the fall The bible describes the man God created and placed in the land of Eden as one created in God’s image. This man was Adam and as an image and spiritual creature of God, Adam possessed the image of God, which made him to remain connected to God. Adam’s original state was one of a sinless man who had favor from God. The sinless nature of this man was manifested through his purity and holiness, which made him to have an assured connection with God and at the same time, beloved by God3. Adam, in this state, was perfect and righteous. Adam in his original state is given noble powers by God as the head of earthly family who was to represent God and rule over other creatures. In this sense, the original Adam had God’s gift of well-balanced mind, he was perfect in his being and constantly in harmony with God. At the same time, his thoughts were largely pure and his aims had an element of holiness The notion of the image of God and Sin The sinless nature of original Adam is what God had wished man to live. The image of God (Adam) was to remain pure, was to remain perfect, and exhibit no propensity to sin. The sinless state was to put Adam in constant and unlimited communication with God in a special and privileged way as compared to other creatures. In other words, the sinless man was to remain representative of God glory and heritage. Adam obedience in God was to be uncompromised and this is what was required of him. Nevertheless, Adam profaned this sinless nature when through temptations became sinful. Adam through devil’s temptations became disobedient to God, pervert and selfish. Adam became weakened as a result of committed sin and he subsequently became a victim of devil, unable to resist the power of evil4. The special connectedness of Adam and God was weakened, communication violated and closeness disrupted. As a result, Adam became captive to Satan’s evils, unable to resist and hence it needed intervention of God to rescue His image (Adam). Adam and Eve committed sin and this was to become permanent transgressio n human being can be associated with especially with regard to consequential effects. Angel M. Rodriguez observes that Adam’s actions of sins became the fountain source in which human disasters and troubles emanated due to angered nature of God5. Punishment for Adam and Eve became an appropriate avenue God displayed His displeasure with human race and consequently the aftermath of this punishment befell the human race. Sin therefore became

Friday, November 15, 2019

Benefits Of Farm Machinery Environmental Sciences Essay

Benefits Of Farm Machinery Environmental Sciences Essay Man as a power unit is futile and nonproductive. He is confined to about 0.1 horse power uninterrupted turnout, hence account almost nothing as a source of power. Thus if a farmer wants to create an ample output from his labor he must be an efficient producer. Undoubtedly this efficiency will rely on the substitution of human and livestock labor with machinery. This replacement is termed as farm mechanization. Actually farm mechanization is any on-farm operation which carries some of following goals like 1- to increase the production, 2- tone down the cost of production, 3- improve quality of farm produce, 4- increase turnout per farm worker, 5- make the farm life easy and enjoyable, 6- stabilize the clumsy labor peaks. Farm mechanization is sociological-cum-technological complex. Some people of our country theorize that mechanization will fallout in unemployment, thus they perceive that it is an opulence of wealthy nations. Some others think that it bears lot of benefits so should be adopted on a large scale. Still some canvass for partial mechanization of their farms. Later idea of partial mechanization looks economically conceivable. In past few decades many developing countries have begun agricultural and livestock farming powered by machines rather by animals and human labor and in this regard Pakistan is no exception. The trend of mechanization is bound to go up with the passage of time in a natural evolutionary manner. A general awakening among the farmers about different aspects of farm mechanization does exist. Work has started on various fronts to implement the concepts of mechanization. Combine farming System: Now a days concept of combine farming system is gaining popularity. According to this concept a farmer runs both livestock and agricultural farm at the same time. Benefit is that he obtains fodder and other ingredients used in concentrate formulation from agricultural section while fertilizer for his crops from the livestock section. Problems of the Livestock Sector: Mastitis is the major limitation for our milk animals. It has two forms clinical and sub-clinical. Clinical form is visually detectable and can be treated but problem arises in case of sub-clinical form which can not be unmasked at earlier stage. Thus milk quality becomes compromised causing economic losses. Second issue is failing to detect estrus by the farmer in time and breeding the animals. Furthermore silent heat is also a contributing factor resulting in failure to breed animals in time and delay in getting calf. Both are detrimental in achieving desired livestock farming goals. Another dilemma in livestock farming is to diagnose pregnant animals. It is necessary to know about the status of animal to provide it proper nursing care and feed accordingly or sometime to sell it. Moreover milking time and labor required, medications, restraining, routine farm chores like castration, dehorning, shearing, clipping, identification marks and reducing heat stress all seek solutions in some sort of machinery or equipment which should be reliable and trustworthy. Possible Solution in Form of Machinery: Device for Detection of Mastitis: To detect mastitis in its earliest stage an electrical device (fig.1) can be used having sensors built in it which are able to sense instant changes in electrical resistance produced by somatic cells in mastitic milk. By incorporating this device in mastitis control program one can be able to treat it before permanent damage to secretory tissue and economic losses to keep from happening. Some diagnostic tests for sub-clinical mastitis exist but they become laborious and expensive as well on herd basis. Device for Detection of Estrus: It is necessary to know exactly the time when animal ovulates to breed them. For this purpose a device (Fig.2) which senses electrical changes in vaginal fluids due to hormonal concentrations can be used. It has got a probe which is inserted in vagina and then reading is taken. Reading will be 260 when animal is going to ovulate (Fig.3). So to determine the exact moment for breeding one or two readings in days when animal is likely to come in heat rather than visually observing them will be more efficient. Fig.2 Fig.3 Ultra Sound Machine: It is essential to diagnose pregnancy earlier and to identify fertility problems at individual and herd level. By using ultrasound scanner it can be achieved by day 30 of gestation which is far earlier than rectal palpation. An accuracy of 99 percent can be achieved by using ultrasound added with the advantage of safety over rectal palpation which can harm the embryo at this stage. Fig.4 Milking Machine: It is actually a mechanism designed to suck milk from udder of milking animal. It consists of teat cups, claw, vacuum tubes, and source of vacuum, pulsator and milk tube. Two types are being used one which is fixed and installed in shed or pen and second is portable and can be moved anywhere at farm quite easily. Use of milking machine is gaining importance as it is time and labor saving and assures hygienic collection of milk. Its use on herd basis also reduces mastitis cases if properly maintained and implemented carefully. Fig.5 Portable Milking Machine Mobile Feeding Trough: Certain conditions have been observed in field that animal graze at pasture where there is no arrangement for drinking water and concentrate feeding. So for this purpose animal are brought to the shed for some time and again sent to graze. To solve this problem a trough can be mounted on wheels and drawn with a small tractor to provide concentrate, minerals and water to the animals at their grazing place. Sprinkler machine: Temperature may override 45Â °C in our country during summer months and our main dairy animal buffalo is more sensitive to heat stress than cows and other animals. This is reason for an increased number of deaths due to heat stroke cases in these months. So to provide protection against high environmental temperature sprinkler may be used to shower water on animals. Nipple waterer: It is an implement to provide water to the animals automatically. It helps to ensure availability of fresh clean drinking water and saves wastage of water by the animals. Besides all these machine there is a long list of equipments which can be used on a livestock farm to make the farm operations easy. But here we are going to enlist those which are most needed. They include Burdizzo castrator: This gives several advantages over surgical methods when a large number of calves, rams or buck are to be castrated. It provides bloodless castration and safety from post operative contamination of wounds. Bull nose holder and rings: Nose holder can be used when animal has to be restrained temporarily while nose rings are applied for permanent restraint and then rope or chain can be attached to ring when animal is required to move somewhere. Mouth gag: It is used to keep the mouth of animal open for examination of mouth or some other medical purposes. Anti Cow Kicker and Anti Kick Bar: These are used to immobilize the animals while injecting some medicine or rectal palpation. (Fig.6) Fig.6 Electric Dehorner: This is used to disbud the calves at an early age when horns are not attached to the skull and are floating buds. It burns them and there further growth is restricted. Shearing and Hair Clipping Machines: Former one is used to trim the sheep wool usually and previous one is used to clip the hairs of certain region to avoid contamination. For example udder or area around genital organs. Tattooing forceps and Ear Notcher: Tattooing forceps are used to make identification marks and ear notcher is used to make V-shaped cut on ear of animal. This will be helpful in record keeping and recognizing the animals individually. Drenching and Balling Guns: These are beneficial in administering medicines. Drenching gun to give liquid solution and balling gun to give boluses. Problems of Agricultural Sector: Now a days progress in agricultural sector does not seems to be possible without using new agricultural implements. It is necessary to have new implements at farm and also to use them properly to get maximum utility. According to an estimate approximately 80% of farmer of our country dont know about latest agricultural implements. The implements which have gained popularity and wide use as tractor plows are cultivator and disc harrows. Hardly anywhere in world these are used as plows. Matter of truth is that for plowing purposes commonly used implements are mould board plows and disc plows, while cultivator is used as secondary tillage implement for tilling ground, stirring and aerating soil as well as for intercultural operation. It has also been noticed that in heavy soil a hard pan is created at a very shallow depth due to the continued use of cultivator and harrow for purpose of plowing. This pan creates problems of inadequate penetration of roots; improper drainage on account of incorrect use of implements optimum result can not be expected. It is also miserable that our farmer is wasting much water because of his ill planed and unleveled farms and ditches. Our farmers do level their field by means of Karah without applying engineering techniques and naturally field lacks precise leveling. Even slight surface undulation of few inches in fields creates high and low spots resulting in water holding in low patches and less water supply in higher spots. Consequences of both are detrimental. Possible Solution in Form of Machinery: Agricultural implements are broadly categorized in primary and secondary tillage implements, general agricultural implements and instruments for land leveling. Tillage is actually working with soil by implements as that mechanical soil stirring actions carried on to provide conditions favorable to growth of crop. Primary tillage implements (used in initial preparation of land) include: Subsoiler which is used where soil compaction is present and hard pan is formed in field. It breaks and looses the soil. It can be used with 45 horse power tractor and can work up to 24 inches deep. Chisel plow can be used where upper layer of soil is fertile but deeper layer is not so much fertile instead it may contain more minerals. It can plow at depth of 20 inches. Use of chisel plow will improve soil fertility by providing space, natural elements like sunlight and rain to roots of plants. It may require 50-85 horse power tractors. Disk plows will serve to mix the left over crop roots and weeds in soil properly and is suitable for rain-fed areas as it prevents soil erosion by wind and water. Fig.7 Secondary tillage implements include: Disk harrow that helps to prepare seed bed by making the soil granular as it is more suitable structure for plant growth. Soil aeration and moisture conservation capacity improves and weeds are mixed in soil and decompose so used as fertilizer. Cultivator is also called tine tiller. It is used to stir and pulverize the soil before planting, to decamp the weeds and improving soil aeration after crop is grown. Rotavator is used to prepare the land for next crop after previous crop has taken. It is better to use it before planting wheat, cotton, maize and guar. It breaks the soil and mixes the stems, stubbles and other unwanted weeds which after decomposing serve as fertilizer. Fig.8 General agricultural implements include: Ditcher is used to make ditches (furrow or trench) for soil irrigation and also for correction of already made trenches. Border disk or Bund former is used to make border around the cultivated land for separation. It will help to reduce loss of water. Ridger is used to make small ridges (crests) at equal distances for crop planting. Fig.9 Instruments for land leveling: In our country most of farmers level their lands by manual methods using land scraper and land planer. In this method land is not accurately leveled. In 1976-77 program of water management was launched by government. In this program a method was deviced to level land with dumpy level, land scraper and land planer. But it gained no popularity because it requires lot of efforts, time and does not yield excellent results. Now laser technology for land leveling is available which most accurate method is. It is a thumb rule in aeration by land leveling that difference of not more than 2 cm should be present between any two points of field. In our country 5-10 cm or more is observed. Laser land leveling system three main components 1- transmitter which rotates and emits rays and is applied anywhere in field to be leveled 2- receiver which is installed on land scraper behind tractor, it first receives signal by transmitter and sends to the interface unit 3- hydraulic system of tractor which works according to command of interface unit and automatically uses land scraper to level the land. Fig.10 Besides land leveling irrigation practices can also be improved by using new methods like irrigation by sprinkler and drip irrigation. In former method water is sprinkled over the crop by pipelines and in drip irrigation a network of pipelines is installed in the land and water is provided drop by drop to roots of plants by nozzles. Both are helpful in reducing water losses. Drill machine: Drilling refers to mechanized sowing of seed. Before introduction of seed drill sowing, this is a wasteful method. Seed drill is a device used to precisely position the seed at equal distance and cover them with soil. It ensures sowing of crop in time reduces cost of production and improves seed germination and yields. Fig.11 Seed drill Fertilizer Band Placement drill: In our country fertilizer is also applied by broadcast method by which only 15-25% is utilized by crop. Seeder-cum-fertilizer drills being used apply fertilizer either too far from seed or too near to it. Both affect seed germination and reduce yield. So fertilizer band placement drill was created by farm machinery institute, NARC Islamabad. It applies fertilizer at distance of 5cm and 5cm lower than the seed. In this way crop utilizes 60-70% more efficiently. Fig.12 Harvesting machine: Wheat and rice are main food crops in our country as well as their by products are used in concentrate making for cattle and buffalo. During harvesting season of both shortage of labor is observed through out country. So after applying lot of efforts it becomes necessary to get crops in time and reduce losses. To fulfill this deficiency a harvesting machine should be used which cuts and aligns these crops, harvested rows are then picked up by laborers. It is and intermediate method between manual and mechanized harvesting. Threshing machine: After harvesting wheat crop is flailed in threshing machine. This machine has threshing drum in which beater or cutter shaft is revolved at a very high speed by attaching it with tractor or high capacity electric motor. Grains are separated and chopped straw plus grains fall on sieve having pore size of 5 mm, thus allowing only grains to fall on second sieve below with pore size of 2 mm. Straw is blown out by fans and collected. From second sieve only dust particles, stones or any other foreign material less than 2mm size falls and fine grains are obtained. Combine harvesting technology: A latest technology to save time and labor required is to harvest and thresh crops at the same time. This technology has combined three tasks in single operation i.e. cutting, binding and then flailing. Its use is limited to few government farms currently in our country. Chopping machine for wheat straw: Harvesting machines only pick up upper portion of crop that is grains and leave high stem. Many farmers in our country burn left over straw in fields which damages organic matter of soil and also wastes wheat straw that can be fed to cattle. So after taking wheat crop chopping machine should be used in field to collect all the straw left behind. It picks up straw and cuts high stubbles, after chopping blows processed straw in separate trolley. Fig.13 Tractors: It is vehicle-cum-machine, bears lot of power to do a variety of farm operations, and has many benefits for the farmer. It is used to pull all agricultural implements, most of agricultural machinery and to transport heavy goods. Many types of tractors like Massey Ferguson, FIAT, Belarus and ford are being used in our country but only two types Massey Ferguson and FIAT are most popular and have achieved 80% deletion. FIATs are available in 55-85 horse power range and Massey Ferguson is available in 50-85 horse power. Each model has unique characteristics like power steering, number of cylinders, disk brakes and four wheeler. Machine for Hay Conditioning: Hay is sun dried fodder with less than 20% moisture. During the time it takes to dry it is also subject to environmental factors like temperature, wind velocity, soil moisture, solar radiation and relative humidity. So processing time should be reduced. In developed countries a machine for hay conditioning is being used which has rollers made up of plastic usually and crushes fodder crop and aligns in rows. By crushing action 1- time to dry reduces by 50% and hay will be less exposed to sun rays 2- plant is killed sooner and nutrients are preserved and resulting hay will be palatable. Baling machine: It is a type of machine which is used to make compact bales of already cut and raked crop. Mostly a baler which makes round bales is used. Fodder chopping machine: For harvesting and then chopping the fodder crop a tractor operated machine should be used which performs both action at the same time and puts chopped fodder in separate trolley known as chopper box that can be pulled by tractor to use as mobile feeder wagon for the purpose of filling manger in large sheds. Fig.14 Conclusion: As population is increasing human needs for food are also increasing. Plant and animal proteins are integral part of our diet. So to meet these increasing demands for food definitely require some amendments in livestock and agricultural farming practices. Goal seems obvious that is to increase per animal production in case of livestock farming and production per acre in case of agricultural farming without compromising product quality in relatively shorter time. To accomplish this we have to reduce cost of production, labor involved and to increase output per farm worker. These goals can be satisfied by using machinery and new technology. No doubt mechanization carries tremendous benefits with it but all the machinery is not in access of our small farmers. In case of large agricultural and livestock farms trends are being changed and labor is being replaced by machinery. Some efforts should be done by government to make costly machinery in reach of small farmer. Moreover farmers dont know about all new options which are now available. So extension programs should be run for the awareness of farmers which may contain both objectives to introduce machinery and how to use it and get maximum output. Skilled technicians should be available to use them properly. To achieve this goal training programs should be started at government farms for farmer that are cost free. These recommendations will certainly improve status of farm mechanization in our country.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Market segmentation Essay -- essays research papers

Market Segmentation This document prepared and presented by Business Resource Software, Inc. Market Segmentation The purpose for segmenting a market is to allow your marketing/sales program to focus on the subset of prospects that are "most likely" to purchase your offering. If done properly this will help to insure the highest return for your marketing/sales expenditures. Depending on whether you are selling your offering to individual consumers or a business, there are definite differences in what you will consider when defining market segments. Category of Need The first thing you can establish is a category of need that your offering satisfies. The following classifications may help. For businesses: Strategic - your offering is in some way important to the enterprise mission, objectives and operational oversight. For example, a service that helped evaluate capital investment opportunities would fall into this domain of influence. The purchase decision for this category of offering will be made by the prospect's top level executive management. Operations - your offering affects the general operating policies and procedures. Examples might be, an employee insurance plan or a corporate wide communications system. This purchase decision will be made by the prospect's top level operations management. Functional - your offering deals with a specific function within the enterprise such as data processing, accounting, human resources, plant maintenance, engineering design, manufacturing, inventory control, etc. This is the most likely domain for a product or service, but you must recognize that the other domains may also get involved if the purchase of the product or service becomes a high profile decision. This purchase decision will be made by the prospect's functional management. For the individual consumer: Social Esteem or Pleasure - your offering satisfies a purely emotional need in the consumer. Examples are a mink coat or a diamond ring. There are some products that are on the boundary between this category and the Functional category such as a Rolex watch (a Timex would satisfy the functional requirement and probably keep time just as well). Functional - your offering meets a functional requirement of the consumer such as a broom, breakfast cereal or lawnmower. Segmentation of Needs Then you should establis... ...ularly concerned with keeping employees informed and educated, so educational offerings are not of great interest. Strongly influenced by offerings that most closely deliver the 'end results' desired, even if they are not the most cost effective. Self Helpers - consistently defines/designs solutions to their problems, likes to acquire tools that help in the innovation process. Will usually consider new products/services, but the related concept must have been proven to be effective. Often consider just because they use a certain technology that is relevant to the development program they have underway. Will always want to review competitive offerings, but will usually choose the one offering the most effective 'do it yourself' features. Usually consider themselves technically competent and will expect very effective use of proven technology. Not especially inclined toward technically complex offerings, would rather have user friendly, but thought provoking, offerings. Conversion costs usually not a major concern if offering promises potential for innovation. Usually concerned with keeping employees informed and educated, so educational offerings are of interest.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials

ETHICS â€Å"Is deciding what is RIGHT and doing it† ETHICS is equated with: * Good Governance: It requires us to decide what is good. * Public Service Ethics: Requires us to give quality service to the public. * Standards, Rules, Morals – ETHICS is the â€Å"science of human duty†. ETHICS OF GOVERNANCE Good Governance is characterized with: * Accountability * Transparency * Participation * Non-Discrimination * Responsiveness * Poverty Alleviation (According to UNDP as cited by Carino) * Participation * Rule of Law * Transparency * Responsiveness * Consensus Orientation * Equity * Effectiveness and Efficiency * AccountabilityEthical Bases * RULES * RESULTS * RELATIONSHIPS * TRADITION RULES as an Ethical Basis – We believe in them as coming by divine revelation. – With authority or of our community. The utilitarian principle focuses our attention on results or the consequences of our actions. It has been expressed traditionally as â€Å"Seeking the Greatest Good for the Greatest Number† RELATIONSHIPS as an Ethical Basis Confucius’ â€Å"Golden Rule† of caring: â€Å"Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you†. Jesus Christ’s expression of LOVE: â€Å"In everything, do to others as you would have them do to you†. TRADITION as an Ethical BasisTraditional Ethics – the ethics of earlier generations that is based on tradition. It is right to act in certain way because that is what it has always been done. RULES as an Ethical Basis * Section 1, Article XI, 1987 Constitution – Public Office is a Public Trust. Public Officials and employees must at all times serve the people with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives. † * Section 28, Article II, 1987 Constitution – The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures again st graft and corruption.RA 3019 â€Å"Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act† (Anti-Graft Law) Enacted in 1861 Graft is defined as â€Å"the acquisition of gain or advantage by dishonest, unfair or sordid means, especially through the use of one’s position or influence in politics, business, etc. † (People vs. Bernales, September 3, 1968) Graft and corruption is an act or omission involving breach of the rules of decency, honesty and efficiency, for the purpose of obtaining undue advantage at the expense of the government-owned resources. In our legal system, graft and corruption is basically a crime. BALDRIAS, Napoleon S. The Legal Implications of Graft and Corruption† Corruption is â€Å"an act done with an intent to give some advantage inconsistent with official duty and the rights of others. It includes bribery, but it is more comprehensive, because an act may be corruptly done through the advantage to be delivered from it be not offered by another. â⠂¬  (Magallanes vs. Provincial Board, 66 O. G. 7839) Corruption is the perversion or destruction of integrity of fidelity in discharging public duties and responsibilities by bribery or favor. It entails the use of public power for private advantage in ways which transgresses some formal rule of law. Tendero) RA 6713 â€Å"Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees† signed into law by then President Corazon C. Aquino on February 20, 1989 RA 6713 Rule X. Grounds For Administrative Disciplinary Action Directly or indirectly having financial and material interest in any transaction requiring the approval of his office. Owning, controlling, managing or accepting employment as officer, employee, consultant, counsel, broker, agent, trustee, or nominee in any private enterprise regulated, supervised or licensed by his office, unless expressly allowed by law.Engaging in the private practice of his profession unless authorized by the Constitution, law or regulation, provided that such practice will not conflict or tend to conflict with his officials functions. Recommending any person to any position in a private enterprise which has a regular or pending official transaction with his office. Soliciting or accepting, directly or indirectly, any gift, gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value which in the course of his official duties or in connection with any operation being regulated by, or any transaction which may be affected by the function of his office.Unfair discrimination in rendering public service due to party affiliation. Disloyalty to the Republic of the Philippines and to the Filipino people. Failure to act promptly on letters and requests within 15 working days from receipt, except as otherwise provided in these Rules. Failure to attend to anyone who wants to avail himself of the services of the office or to act promptly and expeditiously on public personal transactions. Failure to file sworn st atements of assets, liabilities and networth, and disclosure of business interests and financial connections.RA 9485 â€Å"Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007† signed into law by Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on June 02, 2007 Violations Refusal to accept application and/or request within the prescribed period or any document being submitted by a client. Failure to act on an application and/or request or failure to refer back to the client a request which cannot be acted upon due to lack of requirement/s within the prescribed period. Failure to attend to clients who are within the premises of the office or agency concerned prior to the end of official working hours and during lunch break.Failure to render frontline services within the prescribed period on any application and/or request without due cause. Failure to give the client a written notice on the disapproval of an application or requests. Imposition of additional irrelevant requirements other listed in the first notice. Grave Of fense Fixing and/or collusion with fixers in consideration of economic and/or other gain or advantage. Rule X. Grounds For Administrative Disciplinary Action * Directly or indirectly having financial and material interest in any transaction requiring the approval of his office.RED TAPE Inaction/No Action Slow Action Inappropriate/Wrong Action Inadequate/Insufficient Action Services that are: Not delivered Mis delivered * Under delivered * Poorly delivered UNLAWFUL ACTS RA 3019 * Graft and Corruption * Malversation RA 6713 * Pecuniary interest * Conflict of interest * Nepotism * Not all things that are Legal are Moral ! * UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR is not necessarily illegal but nevertheless is contrary to what is RIGHT and doing WHAT IS NOT RIGHT. * Unethical Behavior * Yields Adverse Results * Violates the Norms of Relationships and Traditions Disservice to the Government and the People * Bad Image of the Government DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT! PADRINO SYSTEM KAMAG-ANAK SYSTEM WASTAGE OF OFFIC E SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT Engaging in group discussion while clients are kept waiting Telebabad Too Much Texting During Office Hours Reading newspaper during office hours LOAFING Improper or Inappropriate Attire CLOCK-WATCHING EXTENDED BREAK GOING OUT OF THE OFFICE WITHOUT PERMISSION Dehumanizing Situations Rob a person of his/her dignity. Diminish his/her worth as a person. Destroy his/her total being. It’s the CHOICES that make us who we are. And we can always choose to do what’s right. † – Peter Parker â€Å"Spiderman 3† Every officials of the government, even the most modest, has a job to perform and is as much in duty bound to perform that job well as those occupying higher positions. In our effort to give the people the best government that there is, we have to have everybody do his job, including the Clerk, the policeman – everybody in the service. Everyone of them should do his best because a government cannot be a government of higher officials only. Pres. Manuel L. Quezon

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on Hamlets Death

Hamlet discloses his true feelings about his uncle after his father’s death. Hamlet is upset with his mother for marrying only two months or so after his father’s death. And on top of his mother marrying that soon, she marries his father’s brother. Hamlet is not a happy person. He finds out that his uncle is trying to get him killed. When Hamlet realizes this he starts switching all the plans around, so that the people who are in charge of making sure that Hamlet gets murdered, get what they deserve. Hamlet and his Uncle Claudius don’t get along too well because of all the commotion that Claudius has caused. Hamlet’s had grown up with two other kids. They had no relation, but the father of this other family was just a friend and had a son and a daughter. Ophelia was the young girl. Hamlet led her to believe that he had the most undying love for her and would always love her. In his rage to catch the new King Claudius in act of sin he mistakes Ophelia’s father for Claudius and ends up stabbing and killing Ophelia’s father. After Ophelia finds out that Hamlet was the one who killed her father she went crazy. Ophelia ends up dead. There is question on how she ends up dead but her death isn’t defined. After Ophelia’s death, Claudius makes a plan with Ophelia’s brother to kill Hamlet. The plan was to poison Hamlet with a poisoned sword. That didn’t seem to be working so well; therefor Claudius dumps the poison into a drink and tries to set up Hamlet to drink it. Hamlet’s mother ends up taking the drink and dies. Hamlet finally gets cut with the poisoned sword and before he felt anything from the poison stabs and kills Ophelia’s brother. I think that in Hamlet’s place I would have probably done the same thing. I wouldn’t be very happy, if my mother did the things that his mother did. There is a lot of what to do about a mother that betrays her family but Hamlet helped his mother realize what she was doing. Thi... Free Essays on Hamlet's Death Free Essays on Hamlet's Death Hamlet discloses his true feelings about his uncle after his father’s death. Hamlet is upset with his mother for marrying only two months or so after his father’s death. And on top of his mother marrying that soon, she marries his father’s brother. Hamlet is not a happy person. He finds out that his uncle is trying to get him killed. When Hamlet realizes this he starts switching all the plans around, so that the people who are in charge of making sure that Hamlet gets murdered, get what they deserve. Hamlet and his Uncle Claudius don’t get along too well because of all the commotion that Claudius has caused. Hamlet’s had grown up with two other kids. They had no relation, but the father of this other family was just a friend and had a son and a daughter. Ophelia was the young girl. Hamlet led her to believe that he had the most undying love for her and would always love her. In his rage to catch the new King Claudius in act of sin he mistakes Ophelia’s father for Claudius and ends up stabbing and killing Ophelia’s father. After Ophelia finds out that Hamlet was the one who killed her father she went crazy. Ophelia ends up dead. There is question on how she ends up dead but her death isn’t defined. After Ophelia’s death, Claudius makes a plan with Ophelia’s brother to kill Hamlet. The plan was to poison Hamlet with a poisoned sword. That didn’t seem to be working so well; therefor Claudius dumps the poison into a drink and tries to set up Hamlet to drink it. Hamlet’s mother ends up taking the drink and dies. Hamlet finally gets cut with the poisoned sword and before he felt anything from the poison stabs and kills Ophelia’s brother. I think that in Hamlet’s place I would have probably done the same thing. I wouldn’t be very happy, if my mother did the things that his mother did. There is a lot of what to do about a mother that betrays her family but Hamlet helped his mother realize what she was doing. Thi...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The significance of locale, criminality and sexuality in So I Am Glad by A.L. Kennedy The WritePass Journal

The significance of locale, criminality and sexuality in So I Am Glad by A.L. Kennedy Introduction The significance of locale, criminality and sexuality in So I Am Glad by A.L. Kennedy Introduction Certain themes prevail throughout much of Gothic literature. These include sexuality, the notion of the ‘other’, the uncanny, and the exploration of the ‘haunted house’. In AL Kennedy’s So I Am Glad, many of these themes are present. This paper will examine sexuality, criminality and locale in Kennedy’s novel.   It will argue that Jennifer, the protagonist, is an example of the ‘dangerous woman’ found throughout literature; that her sexuality is inextricably bound with notions of transgression and criminality. Finally, it will argue that locale, and particularly the notion of ‘home’ plays an integral role in the fabric of Kennedy’s text. Science fiction as a genre tends to be androcentric; within this framework female heroines with a more masculine persona are generally juxtaposed with ‘alien’ characters (Leitch, et. al. (Eds.), 2010: 81). The otherness of the alien symbolises the outsider, one who is cut off from heteronormative, white, male, middle-class society (Germana, 2010: 61). Jennifer is similarly removed from what is ‘normal’. In fact her vocation is that of a disembodied voice.   This removal is manifested when she is detached and absent from herself during masturbation, seeing own body as a sort of ‘other’ or alien presence: ‘I am a partner, I am one half of a larger, insane thing that flails and twists and flops itself together in ways far too ridiculous for daylight’ (Kennedy, 2000: 4).   In pleasuring herself, she is the ‘other’; she is ‘insane’ and ‘ridiculous’. This otherness points to something beyond hers elf that cannot be rationalised or understood; it illuminates an unsolved mystery that is a perpetual theme in Gothic literature (Khair, 2009: 31; Maturin and LeFanu in Punter (Ed.), 2001: 88). Jennifer is cut off from her body and her sexuality in acts of onanism, but she is most present when she assumes the violent, sadistic male persona of Captain Bligh, her male alter ego. The actual alien or other in the novel is Savinien, yet it is Jennifer who is an outsider through her sexual proclivities with her sexual partner, Steve.   Jennifer’s sexuality is that of the unnatural, masculinised woman. This resonates with a long tradition in Scottish culture and literature surrounding the ‘dangerous’ woman (Germana, 2010: 63).   Like Lady Macbeth, the quintessential dark feminine in literature, Jennifer unsexes herself to become something that is subversive to the traditional notion of womanhood. Instead of nurture or femininity, she personifies extreme aggression a nd violence through Captain Bligh.   A feminist interpretation would suggest that Kennedy here portrays the Female Gothic perspective, in overturning any preconceived notions of gender roles that the reader might possess; the complexity of Jennifer’s sexuality and draw to domination is appropriate for the Gothic genre, as it seeks to portray intricate concepts (Smith, 2007: 8). In literature the witch, or what Germana calls the ‘mad, bad and dangerous’ woman does not represent a hybrid sexuality. Rather, her female sexuality is subversive; it is portrayed as being monstrous.   This representation is closely connected to a fear of male castration. (Germana, 2010: 66)   The female is no longer passive and subject to the control of patriarchal domination and control; her body is terrifying and ‘monstrous’ now not because she herself is castrated, as Freud posited, but because she has the power to castrate a man.   It has been asserted that this vision of the ‘monstrous’ woman is a common theme throughout the literary canon as well as in modern literature, film and art (Seigneuret, (Ed.), 1988: 183). In So Am I Glad, Jennifer ultimately takes on the role of castrator with Steven in their sexual activities. He is bound to the table with his male genitalia removed from sight and rendered irrelevant. He assumes a female position and she stands over him with his own belt. The belt and the hard metal clasp are the relentless phallus that inflicts pain on Stevens exposed buttocks.   It is notable that pain itself is a recurring Gothic theme; like the Romantics, Gothic authors are fascinated with pain (Bruhm, 1994: xvi). As Jennifer represents the witch, or madwoman, Savinien, as a revenant, links themes of sexuality and death.   Ghosts inhabit a liminal space between the two worlds of life and death; they represent the desire to return to embodied state along with a pull towards self-annihilation. Jennifer’s disembodied voice and Savinien’s ghost mirror the dualistic nature of the text itself. Writing is itself a kind of wound, of damage, as well as an elegy of loss and mourning. Jennifer is, in the text, forming an elegy for Savinien, driven by loss and desire. The text itself echoes this desire and seduction; Kennedy establishes an intimacy with the reader through her use of the word ‘you’; barriers are brought down and reestablished, must as characters in the book appear and disappear, as an echo of the transience of the text, and of life itself (Germana, 2010: 142-3). Savinien’s embodiment of both desire and death act as an integral component within the text.   When he speaks of the connection between ‘la mort’, and ‘l’amour’, he indicates a tension between the immediacy of the body, or of a text, and the simultaneous separation and absence, the removal of the reader from the text, as the lover must inevitably be separated from the beloved (Hunter, 1984: 23). This is acknowledged when Jennifer notes, ‘†¦I knew the love he meant, the one that included darkness and loving on alone.’ (Kennedy, 2000: 232). There is also a close and integral connection between sexuality and criminality in So I Am Glad. This is in keeping with what Andrew Smith terms the ‘demands’ that modern literature, and particularly the Gothic genre, makes of readers. The reader must embark on a voyage through the complexities of refurbished mythologies. These mythologies highlight the moral ambiguity and vacu ity of modern existence (Ellis, 2001: 6). Gothic literature examines the erosion of values and expresses concerns about contemporary amorality. In contrast to modernism, which complemented the motif of the disintegrated self common to Gothic texts, post-modernism is even more appropriate within a Gothic framework; it questions the idea that the world is in any way coherent or rational. (Smith, 2007: 141). It is by transcending the limits of rational logic that the subtle nuances of human existence can be broached and deciphered. This amorality is demonstrated in Jennifer’s actions towards Steve. She is acutely aware that her actions are criminal, yet this crime is bound up in her own concept of the nature of love itself: Naturally, if you beat a man, you will eventually be looking not at him, but at what you have made of him.   But looking at him before you have caused enough change on that body, in that body, this may be a problem.   What will solve the problem beautifully and for ever will be the handcuffs –love, as I understand it.   Fix your man securely   and you need only look at him when you wish, you will already know where to strike (Kennedy, 2000: 94). Jennifer’s perpetration of a crime with Steven is an echo of an earlier crime; that of her parents towards her, when she is forced to act as unwilling sexual voyeur. Botting notes that ‘The child does not watch the primal scene by accident; s/he watches it as an effect of the parents’ letting it be seen. It is a making-see, an exhibition’ (Punter and Bronfen in Botting, F. (Ed.), 2001: 9-10).   The passive aggression of the parents is later made manifest in the adult child.   There is a violation here, and a violence that is a recurring motif in the modern Gothic. Contemporary Gothic literature cannot be separated from the idea of violation; it is concern with reconstituting a message or idea that has already been stained, spoiled or rendered impure.   The child’s perspective, as shown in So I Am Glad, is a frequent motif within the Gothic; it is also an example of the subject that has been violated yet is not conscious of the seductive trauma that has been absorbed (Elliott, 2004: 66). Sadism is the primary form of criminality and violation in the novel and is a recurring theme; Jennifer must submit to the violation of watching her parents’ intercourse; Steve is dominated by Jennifer; and Savinien exerts domination over two different dogs, and ultimately over James. It could additionally be argued that Savinien ultimately dominates Jennifer, in that she is unable to maintain her objective detachment and ‘calmness’ in the face of her experience of him.   Sadism and masochism are psychological readings of relationships in both the political and personal realms, and the theme of power and mastery is particularly resonant in Gothic literature.   Elements of submission, domination and power are essential factors in the ultimate Gothic tale (Thomson, Voller and Frank (Eds.), 2001: 369). Those elements are represented in a completely unrationalised manner, transcending the constraints of materiality which are part and parcel of modern literature. Gothic literature has a long tradition of an established relationship between a ghost and the space in which it haunts.   Scottish literature in particular is suited to this symbiosis; the ‘uncanny’ is inextricably linked to Scotland’s identity as the ‘other’, that place that is beyond the borders of the normative, that exists in a liminal space.   The sweeping, fluid geography of the Scottish Isles is indicative of the unbroken seam between the material and spiritual worlds; Scottish Gothic texts exhibit a similar continuity between the identity of the ghost character and the world in which they move (Germana, 2010: 135-6).   In So I Am Glad, the primary locale is structured around the notion of ‘home’. Notably, in discussing the uncanny, Freud argued that alienation and dispossession are integrally connected to notions of home, and that which is homely (Royle, 2003: 6). Therefore, a domestic locale is well suited to accommodate th e ghostly. Ratmoko points out that the etymology of the verb ‘to haunt’ is ‘to inhabit’.   Home is a place where one might find safety in which to capitalise on sensation, and to be in complete control of one’s environment (Ratmoko,  2005: 77). Kennedy explores this by underlining the notion of ‘home’ as going hand in hand with the development of Jennifer’s love for Savinien.   Early in the book Savinien recalls witnessing an eclipse as he walks home; the experience gives him a sense of his own corporeality and the terror of his existence. When Arthur manages to shake Savinien out of his deep depression, Jennifer finishes the account with ‘We went home then.’ (Kennedy, 2000: 195).   In this instance, home is resolution, shelter. As Savinien and Jennifer move into a full-blown relationship, home becomes a domestic place, or in Arthur’s words, ‘home sweet home’, full of Arthur’s baking and Savinien’s gardening (both traditionally feminine pursuits, which act as a foil to Jennifer’s more ‘masculine’ detachment) (Kennedy, 2000: 205).   Jennifer asks Savinien to plant a ‘Paradise Garden for little old us’, the ultimate home and refuge. Immediately afterwards, they make love: ‘We will be here again, at that first time in again, at that starting of being home, and rolling home, and finding home again.’ (Kennedy, 2000: 212). ‘Home’ is, of course, a house haunted by the revenant of Cyrano de Bergerac; yet for Jennifer that hauntedness is a being ‘in’, a living inside her ghostly lover (Mighall, 2003: 83). The surety of this ‘home’ is juxtaposed with constant uncertainty; the novel is full of people leaving home, disappearing, coming back again: Liz, Paul, Savinien, even Jennifer herself. She appears and disappears repeatedly; this is echoed by Arthur at the end of the novel when he comments that it will be nice to have her not ‘disappearing at all hours’.   Spirits or ghosts are spectres and illusions; the living are not permitted to keep hold of them, to possess or control them; the relationship between Savinien and Jennifer seems like â⠂¬Ëœhome’, but actually highlights the impossibility of true knowledge (Kennedy, 2000: 138). Ultimately, the ‘home’ or haunted house of their love is disrupted when Savinien goes to another ‘home’, the place of his death, Sannois. In conclusion, it can be stated that the author portrays the sexuality of the main character in an unconventional manner.   Jennifer’s female-oriented description of sexual acts as well as the use of her male alter ego are indicative of her willingness to transgress the boundaries imposed by the control mechanisms of patriarchal domination and control. The main character takes control of her sexuality through the element of monstrousness and her ability to be a castrator of men.   Her sexuality is neither masculine nor androgynous. Instead, it is the consummate representation of female power, embodied in Jennifer’s capacity to command the emotional and physical resources in order to carry out sadomasochistic practices. The depiction of desensitised sexual practices is linked to the criminality manifested in the amoral nature of modern existence. The individualistic complexities of the character underline the importance of moral ambiguity in the value system of the c haracter and society at large. Gothic literature has become a significant medium for the analysis of the erosion of values which give rise to the context of contemporary amorality. . Gothic literature differentiates itself from modernist tendencies by discarding altogether the idea that the modern world is rational in any way whatsoever. The practices described by the author are therefore indicative of a willingness on the part of the main character to disengage from the world and to apply her own distorted system of values to her existence and interaction with others. In the uncanny concept of locale, home is a way of resolving the seemingly unsolvable complexities of existence.   It is a place where mundane activities offset the unconventionality of Jennifer’s sexual practices. In that context, it become as space for domestication as well as a geography of desire and mystery that elevates the main character. Home is the locale which juxtaposes the emptiness of sudden and continual departures and a place haunted by the ghosts of her own making. Bibliography Bruhm, S. (1994) Gothic Bodies: The Politics of Pain in Romantic Fiction, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA Elliott, A. (2004) Social Theory Since Freud: Traversing Social Imaginaries, Routledge, London Ellis, M. 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